𐰖𐰍𐰃

yaɣï

Meaning:
enemy

In modern languages

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen ýagy
Turkish (Azerbaijan) yağı
Turkish (Türkiye) yağı
Salar yağı
Gagauz yaa
Crimean yağı
Uyghur yeğa
Uzbek yogʻiy
Kazakh jaw
Nogai yav
Siberian Tatar -
Kyrgyz joo
Altai juu
Alan cau
Kumyk yav*
Tatar yaw
Bashkir yaw*
Tıva çaa*
Khakas çaa*
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) -
Khalaj -
Chuvash śu

* Meaning shifted

Examples

Translations

German:
Feind
Russian:
враг
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
yağı, düşmən
Turkish (Türkiye):
düşman
Uzbek:
dushman
  • M Räsänen (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen p. 178
    ---
  • Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish p. 898
    yağı: (d-) ‘enemy; hostile’. A First Period l.-w. in Mong. as dayi(ri) (Haenisch 34); s.i.s.m.l. in NE, NC, NW as yaw/yu:/jaw/jo:, etc.: SC Uzb. yov; in SE, SW replaced by Pe. düşman; NE Tuv. dayzin is a distorted reborrowing from Mong. Türkü viii yağı: is common, e.g. tört buluŋ kop yağı: ermiş ‘all four quarters of the world were hostile’ I E 2, II E 3: viii ff. IrkB 34 (sü:): Yen. Mal. 27, 6 (kadir); a.o.o.: Uyğ. viii yağı: is common, e.g. yağı: [keli]r tedi: ‘he said “the enemy are coming”’ Şu. E 6: viii ff. Bud. yağı is fairly common, e.g. (making an expedition, putting on a breastplate, and) yağığ sançıp ‘routing the enemy’ U II 78, 30; TT IV 10, 12: Civ. TT I 58 (tegirmile:-); a.o.o.: O. Kır. ix ff. Mal. 19, 1 (kadir); a.o.o.: Xak. xi yağı: al-‘adüw ‘enemy’ Kaş. III 24; nearly 50 o.o.: KB yağı is common, e.g. (protect his friends and) yağısın kütür ‘remove his enemies’ 117; bularda birisi birige yağı ‘among these some are hostile to others’ 144: xiii(?) At. (a talkative tongue is) utulmaz (?so read) yağı ‘an invincible enemy’ 134: Tef. yağı ‘enemy’ 132: xiv Muh. al-‘adüw (opposite to ‘ally’ andlığ) yağı Mel. 50, 1; yağı: Rif. 145 (and 152): Çağ. xv ff. yağı düşman ‘enemy’ San. 333v. 4; yaw ditto 340r. 18 (and see yavla:k): Xwar. xiv yağı ‘enemy’ Nahc. 146, 15: Kom. xiv yağı ‘war’ (sic) CCG; Gr.: Kıp. xiii al-‘adüw (opposite to ‘friend’ ı:na:k) ya:ğı: Hou. 26, 13: xiv ya:ğı: al-muḥārib ‘one who makes war (on you)’ İd. 95: (xv in Tuh. ‘adüw is translated tuşman): Osm. xiv ff. yağı ‘enemy’; common to xvi, sporadic to xviii TTS I 764; II 974; III 752; IV 824.