𐰢𐰍𐰀

ımga, amga

Meaning:
wild mountain goat
Details:

The initial vowel is disputed. Clauson (1972), Erdal (2004) and Aydın–Alimov–Yıldırım (2013) read the runiform attestations as amğa, whereas Clauson (1972) and Wilkens (2021) lemmatize ımga; later Arabic-script attestations support ımğa. The entry is therefore lemmatized as ımğa, with amğa noted as a competing reading of the runiform forms.

Clauson (1972) describes -ğa as an old ending, but no independent base is attested. Vowel length cannot be established.

Historical and dialectal Anatolian Turkish ıma, ima and ime are probable direct continuations. Clauson (1972) regards Mongolian imağa(n), later imaa(n), as an early borrowing from Turkic, not a genetic cognate.

In modern languages

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen -
Turkish (Azerbaijan) -
Turkish (Türkiye) -
Salar -
Gagauz -
Crimean -
Uyghur -
Uzbek -
Kazakh -
Nogai -
Siberian Tatar -
Kyrgyz -
Altai -
Alan -
Kumyk -
Tatar -
Bashkir -
Tıva -
Khakas -
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) -
Khalaj -
Chuvash -

Examples

Translations

German:
Bergziege; Wildziege
Russian:
дикий горный козёл
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
yabanı dağ keçisi
Turkish (Türkiye):
yaban keçisi; dağ keçisi
  • Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish p. 158
    1 ımğa: ‘wild mountain goat’; an old word w. ending -ğa:. The spelling in Türkü seems to be amğa:, since Runic m ğ a: could hardly be read ımğa:. Became an early l.-w. in Mong. as imağa(n)/ima’a(n) ‘male (wild) goat’ (Kow. 309, Haltod 69); Mong. Plur. ima’at in xiii Secret History (Haenisch 82). On this word see Studies, p. 235 and also Shcherbak 118 and L. Bazin, ‘Noms de la “chèvre” en turc et en mongol’, in Studia Altaica, Festschrift für Nikolaus Poppe, Wiesbaden, 1957, pp. 28 ff., both of which contain minor errors, e.g. that the word originally had an initial y- which rests on no better evidence than a mis-spelling in the Vienna MS. of the KB. Survives apparently only in SW xx Anat. ima/ime SDD 789, 790, both of which seem to mean some kind of wild goat. Türkü viii passages in I N 8 and II E 31 have hitherto been read Amğa: Kurğan kışlap and Amğı: (error for Amğa:, the stone is chipped here) Kurğan kışladukda: ‘after spending the winter at Amğa Kurğan’. This is open to two objections: (1) in the only other early (Uyğ. viii) occurrence of kışla:- it is preceded by the Instr., Ötüken iri:n kışladım ‘I spent the winter north of the Ötüken’ Şu. E 7; (2) kurğan, ‘fort’ and the like, is not noted earlier than Kıp. xiii and Çağ. xv ff. The correct reading is prob. amğa:korıgın ‘at the hunting ground for wild goats reserved for the xağan’ (see korığ) prob. used as a place-name: viii ff. (a leopard and a stag went searching for game and grain) ortu: yérde: amğaka: sokuşmı:ş esri: amğa: yalım kaya:ka: ünüp barmı:ş ‘in the middle country they met a wild goat; the dappled wild goat climbed a bare rock and made off’ IrkB 49 (for kaya: cf. KB): Xak. xi KB kayada yorığlı bu ımğa teke ‘these mountain goats and ibexes ranging among the rocks’ (cannot escape you) 5373: xiv Muh. qabşu’l-cabal ‘wild mountain goat’ ı:mğa: Mel. 72, 10; Rif. 175 (mis-spelt, nūn for ): Çağ. xv ff. ımğa: (spelt) buz-i kūhī ‘mountain goat’ San. 114v. 29; (yaman . . . and, in Mong., buz 337v. 4): Osm. xiv to xvi ime (or? ıma) ‘mountain goat’; in several texts TTS I 337; II 532; III 368; IV 421.
  • Tekin (1993) Book of Omens
    (a)mga wild mountain goat