𐰑𐱁
adaş
Meaning:
friend, comrade
The etymology of adaş is disputed.
- One explanation derives it from at “name” and the associative suffix -daş, possibly with an original sense “fellow clansman”.
- Erdal also considers at “horse” a possible base (sharing a common horse).
- Another analysis treats “friend, comrade” as an independent inherited word, later conflated with attaş “namesake”. The latter meaning is clearly documented only in later Turkic sources.
Examples
No corpus links yet.
Translations
German:
Freund, Gefährte
Russian:
друг, товарищ
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
dost, yoldaş
Turkish (Türkiye):
arkadaş, yoldaş
Bibliography 6
-
Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 17b, entry adaš 2p. 17b, entry adaš 1p. 17b, entry adaš 2
adaš 2. ‘ally, brother’ / ayaš (IMa) p. 17b, entry adaš 1adaš 1. ‘namesake, kinsman’ (XŠ, QT4, KD) / aḏaš (QT3) / ataš (MAn, CCb, IrM). -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 8a, entry ¹adašp. 8a, entry ¹adaš
¹adaš Kamerad, Gefährte, Freund || arkadaş, eş, dost
adaš böšük Freund₂, Gefährte₂ || arkadaş₂, dost₂
adaš eş Freund₂, Gefährte₂ || arkadaş₂, dost₂
adaš kudaš Gefährte₂ || arkadaş₂ -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 273, entry *ădVp. 273, entry *ădV
*ădV to fit, equal, similar: Tung. *ada-; Mong. *adali; Turk. *ădaĺ.
PTung. *ada- 1 twins 2 to unite, attach 3 close, neighbour (1 близнецы 2 соединять, присоединять 3 близкий, соседний): Neg. adaxụ 1; Man. ada- 2, adaki 3; Ul. adaụ 1; Ork. adāw 1; Nan. ada- 2, adō 1; Orch. adawu 1; Ud. ada῾u 1 (Корм. 204).
◊ ТМС 1, 14.
PMong. *adali equal, similar (равный, похожий): MMong. adali (HY 51, SH), adali (MA 95); WMong. adali (L 9); Kh. adil; Bur. adli; Kalm. ädĺ; Ord. adil, adila, adili, adali; Mog. adōli (Ramstedt 1906); Dag. adiĺ, adili (Тод. Даг. 118), adəĺ (MGCD), adili (MD 111); Dong. adali (Тод. Дн. 110); Bao. adəli (Тод. Бн. 133), adali (Tungren); Mongr. dali (SM 42), adali (Minghe).
◊ KW 21, MGCD 94. Mong. > Yak. atɨl, Dolg. atalɨ (Kał. MEJ 38, Stachowski 38), Evk. adalī (cf. Doerfer MT 98, Rozycki 11), Russ. Siber. adalí (Аникин 74).
PTurk. *ădaĺ friend, companion (друг, товарищ): OTurk. adaš (OUygh. - Buddh., Man.); Karakh. aδaš (MK, KB), ajaš (IM); Kirgh. ajaš; Yak. atas.
◊ VEWT 5, EDT 72. A hypothesis about *adaĺ < (compound) at-daĺ with ‘name’ as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *ataĺ and ‘namesake’ as the earliest meaning). The form attaš is attested since MTurk.: attaš ‘namesake’ (Tefs.), adaš ‘namesake’ (Chag. Sangl.), ataš ‘namesake’ (CCum.) - and contaminates with *adaĺ. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, see ЭСТЯ I 203-204. Cf. Tuva a’dašqɨ-lar ‘a father with his children’ (“namesakes”; NB: pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adaĺ is Chuv. ural-a-š- ‘to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together’ and ural-a-n- ‘to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)’: both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- ‘to recover’.
‖ A Western isogloss. Cf. several similar roots: *idV ‘to follow, lead’; *jude ‘to imitate, simulate’, with a natural tendency towards contamination. -
Marcel Erdal (1991) Old Turkic Word Formationp. 119, §2.76 (+dAş)p. 119, §2.76 (+dAş)
Final /t/ of the base is deleted before +dAş: ardaş, which appears eight times in the QB, comes from art+daş, as shown by Tezcan in his review of the İndeks. adaş is in TMEN 437 and by others taken to come from āt+daş and given the ‘primary’ meaning ‘name-sake’. This meaning is not attested before Middle Turkic. As the Uigur exs. mentioned in the UW and the runic and Qarakhanid ones mentioned in the EDPT show, the only early meaning was ‘comrade’. *at+daş ‘having a horse/horses in common’ would be just as good an explanation. Exs. of Hochzeit 5 and 23 and BuyKäl 5 to be added to the UW entry. Both etymologies presuppose the simplification of dentals. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 72ap. 72a
D adaş/addaş N. of Assn. fr. 1 a:t (a:d). Abdülkadir İnan in Türk Dili, Belleten 3rd Series, No 1, pp. 41 ff. argued that the original meaning was ‘friend, comrade’, and that ‘namesake’ was a later, secondary meaning. This is etymologically impossible, but the meaning ‘comrade’ is so prevalent in the early period as to suggest that in this context 1 a:t meant ‘clan (rather than personal) name’, so that addaş meant primarily ‘fellow clansman’; cf. kadaş. S.i.a.m.l.g. See Doerfer II 437. Türkü viii ff. Man. yavlak eş tuş adaş kadaş ‘evil comrades (Hend.) and kinsmen (Hend.)’ Chuas. 197–8: Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. Sanskrit sahāyatā ‘comradeship’ eş a:daş bolma:k TT VIII B.4; eş adaş ‘comrades’ is the term used for the hare, the monkey, and the beaver in the Hare Jātaka, U IV 44 ff., ‘kinsman’ would not here be strictly appropriate; on p. 46 adaş occurs twice, 52 and 66, once in adaş eş 62, once in eş adaş 69; and twice in adaş böşük (q.v.) 55 and 64, while eş appears once by itself, 48 and once in eş tuş 59; in all cases except adaş böşük the obvious meaning is ‘comrade’ or the like: O. Kır. ix ff. Mal. II, 8 (andlığ): Xak. xi adaş al-xidn ‘friend, comrade, contemporary’ Kaş. I 61: KB adaş koldaş erdeş tutundı kalın ‘he acquired a crowd of friends and comrades (double Hend.)’ 1697; o.o. 317, 502, 524, 2276, 3485, 4542, often in association with kadaş: xiii(?) Tef. attaş ‘namesake’ 62 (II at): xiv Muh.(?) mu‘āhid wa muwāxī ‘ally, brother’ ayaş (error for ataş? or adaş?) Rif. 145 (only): Çağ. xv ff. adaş ḫamnām ‘namesake’ San. 33r. 23 (quotns.): Xwar. xiv adaş ‘friend’ Qutb 3: Kom. xiv ‘namesake’ ataş CCG; Gr. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 5bp. 5b
uig. (Gab.) adaš, (br.) ādhaś ’Gefährte’, mtü. aδaš ’Freund’, IM. ajaš, kkir. (Jud.) ajaš ’друг’, jak. atas id. Vgl. āt-daš id. 30—1. Oder sind die obigen Formen sehr frühe Verschmelzungen von -td-? Vgl. auch mo. adali (N.P.)
