𐰋𐰃𐱁-
biş-
Meaning:
to ripen, mature; to become cooked
bış- or biş-, means “to ripen, mature; to become cooked” and can also refer figuratively to mental or personal maturation. The back-vowel form is historically primary: Clauson treats ı as original, while Erdal explains the biş- of Irık Bitig 53, tarığ bişdi “the crops ripened”, as early fronting ı > i next to ş.
DLT has both eşiç bışdı “the pot/broth cooked” and yemiş bışdı “the fruit ripened”. Its er kımız bışdı “the man stirred the kumis [to bring it to maturity]” is better treated cautiously as a possibly separate homonym “to churn, beat/mix”: later lexicography and several modern Turkic languages distinguish the two verbs. The causatives bışur- and bışgur- are derivatives.
The verb is securely inherited throughout Turkic. Starostin–Dybo–Mudrak reconstruct *biĺč- in their Proto-Turkic system.
Alternative spellings:
𐰋𐰃𐰾-
Examples
Translations
German:
reifen, reif werden; gar werden
Russian:
созревать, поспевать; становиться готовым, провариваться
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
yetişmək, yetkinləşmək; bişmək
Turkish (Türkiye):
olgunlaşmak; pişmek
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkic8686
bïš=¹ 1. ‘to ripen’ (QT₃, IM, MAv) / biš= (XŠ, GUL); Ṣabr bilän bāġda ġūra bišär ‘With patience unripe grapes ripen in the orchard’ (GUL); bïšmïš ‘ripe, well-done’ [...] | bišür= 1. ‘to let ripen’ (CCa).
2. ‘to be cooked’ (QT₄, MA, KA, QA, MM) / biš= (QA, NF, GUL, CC, TZ, AH); [...] Aš bišti ‘The food is thoroughly cooked’ (AH). [...] -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü168168
bıš- reifen (auch geistig), kochen, zur Reife kommen || (manevi ve zihinsel olarak da) olgunlaşmak, pişmek, olgunluğa erişmek
bıš- akar- (Getreide) reifen und hell werden || (tahıl, ekin) olgunlaşmak ve aydınlanmak
bıš- etil- reifen² || olgunlaşmak²
bıš- sargar- (Getreide) reifen und gelb werden || (tahıl, ekin) olgunlaşmak sararmak
bıša käl- kochen || pişmek
biš- (r) → bıš- -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic5656The contiguity of the palatal consonants č, y, ñ and š was no doubt one of the early factors causing the first-syllable passage ï > i to affect the whole word: e.g. in IrqB 53, where bïš- ‘to ripen’ is used in the form biš-di
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Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages10891089
PTurk. *biĺč- to become boiled, ripe (свариваться, созревать): OTurk. biš- (OUygh.); Karakh. biš- (MK, KB); Tur. piš-; Gag. piš-; Az. biš-; Turkm. biš-; Khal. bɨš-; MTurk. biš- (Sangl.); Uzb. piš-; Uygh. piš-; Krm. biš-, piš-; Tat. beš-, peš-; Bashk. beš-; Kirgh. bɨš-; Kaz. pis-; KBalk. biš-; KKalp. pis-; Kum. biš-; SUygh. pɨs-; Khak. pɨs-; Shr. pɨš-; Oyr. bɨš-; Tv. bɨš-; Tof. bɨš-; Chuv. piś-; Yak. bus-. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish376-377376-377
bış- (p-) ‘to come to maturity, ripen’, with some extended meanings, both Intrans. and Trans.; vowel originally ı-, but -i- also occurs as early as Türkü. S.i.a.m.l.g.; the vowel is a back one in NE, SE Türki (in suffixes) and NC Kir., but a front one elsewhere. The initial is p- in an unusually wide range of languages [...] Türkü viii ff. (it rained) tarığ bişdi: (sic) ‘the crops ripened’ IrkB 53: Uyğ. viii ff. Man. (VU) bışıp M III 28, 6 (iii) (damaged): Bud. öŋre ajundakı kılınç tüşi bışmakın ‘the maturing of the fruits of things done in a former existence’ Tiş. 50a. 5-6; [...] Xak. xi eşiç bışdı: ‘the pot boiled [...] and the broth was cooked’; and one says ye:miş bışdı: ‘the fruit ripened’; and one says er kımız bışdı: ‘the man stirred the kumis so that it should mature’ [...] Kaş. II 12 (bışa:r, bışma:k); et bışdı: ‘the meat was cooked’ [...] III 321, 8; [...] KB [...] köŋli bışmış kişi ‘the man with a mature mind’ 6165; [...] -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen7676
uig. (Gab.) biš, kkir. byš, soj. byš ‘reifen, reif werden’, mtü. pyš ‘gar werden’, osm. usw. biš ‘kochen (intr.)’, otü. püš, IM. čag. usw. piš, kzk. pis, hak. sag. koib. pys, jak. bus ‘вариться’, čuv. piś; mtü. pyš-ur ‘kochen’, kom. trkm. usw. biš-ir, hak. pyz-yr, čuv. pəź-er id., ‘braten, backen’; mtü. pyš-yk, pyš-yγ ‘gar’, hak. pyz-yγ
