𐰋𐰇𐰚𐰠𐰃
Bökli
Meaning:
Korea (Goguryeo)
Bökli is conventionally identified with Goguryeo, the historical Korean kingdom in the northern Korean Peninsula and Manchuria, rather than Korea as a modern state. Li proposes alternative readings Bökküli and Bökköli and relates them to names of Goguryeo. Yıldırım instead favours a Manchurian, especially Mohe, association; Cinar and Kenzheakhmet (2026) propose a Khitan/Songmo interpretation of the larger expression containing this name. The identification and historical etymology remain disputed.
Examples
Translations
German:
Korea (Goguryeo)
Russian:
Корея (Когурё)
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
Koreya (Goguryeo)
Turkish (Türkiye):
Kore (Goguryeo)
Bibliography 5
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Serhan Cinar, Nurlan Kenzheakhmet (2026) On Some Countries in the Köl Tegin and Bilga Qagan InscriptionsPublished abstract, 8 October 2026; proposed reading of bükli čölig il
Bükli and čölig il must be read as Bükli-Čölgä il
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Yong-Sŏng Li (2019) Yazıtlarda Adı Geçen Uzak Doğu Devletleri: Kore Hanedanı, Kuzey Çin Hanedanları, Moğol Topluluklarıpp. 87–93, especially p. 91 (proposed Chinese comparison) and p. 93 (geographical precision)
Bükli must be the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo
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Kürşat Yıldırım (2017) Bükli Hakkında On İki Notpp. 563–565 (especially conclusion on Bükli and Manchuria); KT E 4 / BK E 5; KT E 8 / BK E 8
Dolayısıyla Bükli ile Kore coğrafyası değil, Türk memleketi ile Kore arasındaki devasa Mançurya coğrafyası kastedilmektedir.
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Yong-Sŏng Li (2017) On čẄlgl (or čẄlgIl) in the Kül Tegin and Bilgä Kagan Inscriptionsp. 397, abstract; pp. 398–399, KT E 4 / BK E 5 and competing interpretations
Bökli or Bökküli (bẄklI), as was correctly supposed formerly, is undoubtedly identical with Goguryeo, a Korean state of the period.
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Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 420a–b, complete entry çüliğ (mention of Bükli)p. 420a–b, complete entry çüliğ (mention of Bükli)
PU çüliğthis word has been read in Türkü viii I E 4, II E 5 in the list of countries which sent representatives to Eştemi Xağan’s(?) funeral; it begins ‘from the east, where the sun rises’ Bükli: (PU) Çüliğ el Tavğaç Tüpüt, etc. Henning in ‘The Date of the Early Sogdian Letters’, BSOAS XII 601 ff. showed that Bükli: meant ‘Korea’; Tavğaç is of course ‘China’ and Tüpüt ‘Tibet’; as the list is presumably in a strict geographical order, the entry between Korea and China must be some unidentified ‘realm’ (el) between Korea and China, perhaps one of the minor kingdoms in Korea. The word looks like a Chinese representation of some name like chü li(g). It has been read as çölliğ and explained as a P.N./A. fr. çöl meaning ‘belonging to the steppes’, but this is impossible since çöl is a Mong. word which is not traceable as a l.-w. in Turkish earlier than Çağ. xv ff. Vel. 252; San. 214v. 15. The word is perhaps to be connected with the equally unexplained word (PU) çülgi: in Türkü viii (I searched for a guide and) çülgi: Az eri: bultım T 23. Az is a tribal name (see a:z Preliminary note), so çülgi: is prob. a place-name. ‘I found an Az man from Çülgi:.’ The suggested translations ‘distant’ and ‘strange’ are purely hypothetical since they do not rest on any solid etymological basis.
