𐰃𐰓𐰃
idi
Meaning:
owner, master
The historical initial vowel is disputed: idi and edi are competing readings, with Khalaj eydi providing comparative evidence for the latter. The relation between the variants iyä and igä also remains debated; the latter may be a hypercorrect spelling.
In some texts also used in the meaning "the Lord (God)".
Examples
Translations
German:
Besitzer, Herr
Russian:
хозяин, господин
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
yiyə, ağa, sahib
Turkish (Türkiye):
sahip, efendi
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 145, s.v. iḏip. 145, s.v. iḏi
iḏi1. ‘master, owner’ (QT1–2, QT4, QA, XŠ, FZ, QYq) / idi (QT2, IMa-turk 65r11, TZ) / iti (IMa-ioc 65r13) / iyi (KD) / izi (QAc) / iḏä (MAv) / iyä (MAv) [→ äḏä, egä]; isi ‘his master’ (QT2–3); ew iḏisi ‘owner of the house’ (XŠ) | iyälik ‘mastery, ownership’ (MAv) | iḏisiz 1. ‘without a lord’ (QA) / issiz (QA); issiz tapuġsïz ‘without a Lord to worship’ (QAt). iḏisiz 2. ‘unattended’ (cattle), ‘abandoned’ (house) (MAv, QAt). Iḏi 2. ‘the Lord, God’ (QT1, QT4–5, MAv, QA, MM, XŠ) / Idi (IMa) | Iḏiyā! ‘My Lord!’ (QA). iḏi 3. [as equivalent of ar. ذُو, أَصْحَاب, أَهْل] (QT1, QT4–5, QA); bitig iḏiläri ‘peoples of the Book’ (QT5); ʿuqalā iḏiläri ‘wise men’ (QA) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 251, s.v. ¹edip. 251, s.v. ¹edi
¹ediHerr || sahip, bey; Eigentümer, Besitzer || sahip; Herrscher || hükümdar
edi iä Herr₂, Herrscher₂ || hükümdar₂
edi igä Herr₂ || sahip₂, bey₂ -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicpp. 122–123, §2.411, paragraph on igäpp. 122–123, §2.411, paragraph on igä
Another indication that intervocalic /g/ tended to get pronounced like a glide in late texts can be found in the spelling igä of the word signifying ‘master’, which was also spelled i-ä (with graphic space between the two vowels). It seems likely that this comes from idi, which has the same meaning, although idi and igä occur together as binome in the 14th century inscription of CYK. igä would then be a hypercorrect spelling of iyä, which would be the result of a late change of intervocalic /d/ to /y/. The repeated appearance of üyür ‘(millet) seed’ as ügür in the DLT is a similar case of hypercorrect spelling: The documents of SUK have the spellings üyür, üür, ür, ü’r and yür. This is apparently also what happens when Kâšγarī (fol. 504) says that bög is “more correct” than böy for ‘poisonous spider’. -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 493–494, s.v. *ĕdVpp. 493–494, s.v. *ĕdV
*ĕdVhost, husband: Tung. *edī-; Mong. *eǯen; Turk. *Edi.
PTung. *edī- husband (муж): Evk. edī; Evn. edi; Neg. edī; Ul. edi(n); Ork. edi; Nan. eǯi; Orch. edi.
◊ ТМС 2, 437–438. Despite Doerfer MT 18, the root cannot be a Mong. loanword - unlike forms like Evk., Man. eǯen ‘host’, obviously recent borrowings (cf. Rozycki 67).
PMong. *eǯen host (хозяин): MMong. eǯen (HY 27, SH), äǯinu (IM), iǯä-lä- (MA); WMong. eǯen (L 336); Kh. eʒen; Bur. ezen; Kalm. ezn; Ord. eǯin; Mog. eǯän; ZM eižän (9–8a); Dag. eǯin (Тод. Даг. 138, MD 142); Dong. eǯen; Mongr. nǯēn ‘l’individu en lui-même, propre, séparément, famille’ (SM 267), rǯi-le- ‘se rendre maître de, usurper, ravir’ (SM 312).
◊ KW 129–130.
PTurk. *Edi host (хозяин): OTurk. edi (idi) (OUygh.); Karakh. iδi (MK); Tur. ije, ɨs, is; Az. jijä; Turkm. eje; MTurk. eje (Бор. Бад., Abush.), ije (Pav. C.); Uzb. äjä (dial.); Krm. ije, je; Tat. ijä; Bashk. ĭjä; Kirgh. ē; Kaz. ĭje; KBalk. ije; KKalp. ije; Kum. jeje; Nogh. ije; SUygh. ise; Khak. ē; Shr. ē; Oyr. ē; Tv. ē (< Oyr. or Khak.); Yak. ičči; Dolg. ičči.
◊ ЭСТЯ 1, 237–241, TMN 2, 176, EDT 41, Лексика 324–325, Stachowski 122. Some forms (Tur. ɨs, is, Yak. ičči etc.) go back to a suffixed *ede-si; the Khak. and Shor forms should be explained as a haplology of the same form.
‖ EAS 97, KW 130, Poppe 53, 105, Цинциус 1972a, 49–52, Дыбо 6. A Western isogloss. Despite Щербак 1997, 114, Mong. is hardly borrowed from Turk. Doerfer’s (TMN 2, 177–178) doubts in the validity of the etymology are hardly grounded: all forms are easily explained if we suppose a protoform like *edije. The form can be in fact an old derivative of *eda ‘thing, household’ (q. v., cf. Poppe UJb XIII, 114, 120). -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 41a–b, s.v. 1 idi:p. 41a–b, s.v. 1 idi:
1 idi:properly ‘master, owner’, but in Moslem texts often ‘the Lord’ (God). The phonetic history of this word is exceptionally complicated. The original form must have been idi:, but the syn. word ige/iye/i-e is so old that its independent existence cannot be completely excluded. It seems, however, more probable that this is merely a Sec. f. with an unusual vowel change in the final. The position is complicated by the existence of a syn. Mong. word ece(n) which is as old as the xiii SH (Haenisch 42), and looks like a Turkish loan-word. İdi: could have become ici in Mong., but ige/iye could hardly have become ece, so if the two words are identical the word must have been borrowed before the vocalic change took place and later altered to conform with it. It survives in a wide range of Sec. f.s, which are not always easy to identify:—NE e: R I 657; i: I 407; ie I 411; Khak. e: Bas. 334; Tuv. e: Pal. 591: SE Tar. ege R I 694; Türki iga Shaw; ege BŞ; ige Jarring: NC Kır. e:, ege Kzx. iye MM, Shnit.: SC Uzb. ega: NW Kaz. iye R I 1434, 1578; Kk., Nogay iye; Kum. es: SW Az. yiye; Osm. is; Tkm. eye; xx Anat. eye, iye, ez. Has sometimes been mistaken for 2 idi: the existence of which was not at first realized. See Doerfer II 636. Türkü (viii only 2 idi: occurs); viii ff. (the fat horse’s mouth has become hard) idi:si: umaz ‘its master is powerless (to control it)’ IrkB 65: Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. buşı idisi tirti kuvrağı ‘the community of Tirthakas who own (i.e. receive) alms’ USp. 103, 19–20:—the normal Uyğ. forms are ige, iye, i-e, different MSS. of TT VI having different forms in the same passage; ezrwalarnıŋ i-esi ‘oh Lord of the Brahmas’ U I 23, 10; ol el uluş iyesi ‘the master of that realm and country’ Suv. 90, 15; yer suv iyesi 469, 4; ev iyesi (v.l. igesi, i-esi) ‘master of the house’ TT VI 65, 346; ev igesi VII 28, 17; ev iye:si VIII O.8: Xak. xi idi: al-sayyid wa’l-mawlā ‘lord, master’; hence one says idim ne: te:r ‘what does my master say?’; and God (allāh ta‘ālā) is called idi:; they say idimiz yarlığı: amr rabbina ‘Our Lord’s commands’ Kaş. I 87; four o.o.: KB idi: is common; (1) of God, e.g. idim ‘my Lord’ 124, etc.; (2) in the same usages as Arabic al-ṣāḥib ‘owner, possessor’ e.g. ay dawlat idisi ‘Oh fortunate one’ 551: xii(?) KB VP uluğluk idisi ‘Lord of greatness’ 2; ay yer kök idisi ‘Oh Lord of earth and heaven’ 3: xiii(?) Tef. i:si: (? iyisi) ‘his master’ (that is his elder brother) 121; idisi 122: At. idi (1) ‘Lord’; (2) ‘owner’ is common: xiv Muh. (in a passage on pronunciation) ‘they call al-ṣāḥib i:di: in Turkestan and i:yi: (MSS. in error i:ti:) in our country’ Mel. 7, 11; Rif. 79; al-ṣāḥib wa’l-mālik i:di: (spelt i:di) 44, 9; 137: Rbğ. idi ‘Lord (God)’ R I 1508: Çağ. xv ff. the position is complicated; Vel. 40 has eye (sic) ṣāḥib (quotn.); San. 57r. 1 adds, after ayā, ‘and, spelt iye, ṣāḥib’; this word is not, however, entered under alif makṣūr ma‘a’l-yā, but iyele- and iyelen- are—Vel. 68 has igesi (‘with -g-’) translated ṣāḥibi (quotn.) and San. 108v. 2 has ige (‘with -g-’) mālik wa ṣāḥib (same quotn.)—San. gyr. 13, under a single entry has idi xudā wa xudāwand ‘the Lord; master’ with a quotn. fr. Nāṣir, edi ‘was’, and idi ‘its smell’, and also 97r. 18 idi kut translated ṣāḥib-i sa‘ādat ‘lord of felicity’ (a false etymology of ıduk kut): Xwar. xiii idi ‘Lord; master’ ‘Ali 11, 47; iye 51; xiv idi ditto Qutb 56; ev idileri Nahc. 107, 1; idi ‘Lord (God)’ 249, 4; 251, 2: Bulğar xiv the sound d does not occur in the language of most of the Turks but it does occur in Bulğar in idi: al-rabb İd. 9 (also in adak, udu-): Kip. xiv (after aya: ‘with back vowels’) wa’l-mālik wa’l-ṣāḥib 27 (presumably eye:): xv mālik wa ṣāḥib iye Tuh. 35a. 12 (and 90a. 7): Osm. xiv ff. eye (sometimes mistranscribed aya) and, less often, iye ‘master, owner’ is noted in over a dozen xiv to xvi texts TTS I 287; II 41; III 274; the synonymous word is is c.i.a.p., sometimes as is and isleri III 382, but usually with the Poss. Suff. as issi I 388; II 546; III 381; IV 437; the two words occur side by side in ‘aql iyesi fikret issi (xiv, III 382). -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 169a–b, s.v. *iδi, iδä:p. 169a–b, s.v. *iδi, iδä:
*iδi, iδä:atü. IM. idi ‘Herr’, uig. (Gab.) idi, iä, ijä, igä, i’ä ‘Herr, Besitzer’, ‘Gott’
mtü. iδi ‘Herr’, KB. idä, s-uig. ise ‘хозяин’, isy-m, jisi-m ‘важный гость’ (sem. vgl. fr. l’hôte ‘Wirt’, ‘Gast’), kyz. (J.) äz-i, čag. tar. srt. ägä ‘Wirt, Herr’, čag. osm. igä, az. (Or.) jijä, kmk. ij, blk. krč. ije, kzk. usw. iä, kaz. ijä, äjä id., ‘Haus-usw.-geist’ (> čuv. ija, ī, äjje ‘ein böser Geist’; čer. TLČ 27 ija ‘Geist, Teufel’; vog. TLW 42 äjä ‘böser Geist’; ostj. TLČ 5 aja), soj. hak. ē ‘хозяин’, oir. usw. ā, koib. ī, altosm. ä-si (3. P.), kar. jā-si, osm. ys; ? jak. ičči, irči, itči ‘Besitzer, Hirt’ (? < äb-či od. iti-si); kmk. je-s ‘Wirt’; kmk. je-le ‘herrschen’ (< ijä-lä)
~ mo. (KWb. 129–130) eǯen ‘Herr, Herrscher’ (> jak. äǯän) < (Poppe, UJ 13: 114–120) *edin
~ skor. (SKE 57) e-ǯiən
Vgl. Bang, UJ 7: 44–5
