𐰢𐰆𐰣𐰲𐰸
monçuk, bonçuk
Meaning:
bead; pearl; jewel; bead necklace
A derivation from “neck” has been proposed, but an origin as “round ornament” with later reshaping under the influence of the neck word is another hypothesis. The etymology is not settled.
Alternative spellings:
𐰢𐰆𐰣𐰲𐰆𐰸
Examples
Translations
German:
Perle; Kleinod; Perlenkette
Russian:
бусина; жемчужина; драгоценность; бусы
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
muncuq; inci; boyunbağı
Turkish (Türkiye):
boncuk; inci; mücevher; boncuk dizisi
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 90ap. 90a
bončuq 1. ‘bead, bezel of a ring’ (AH-tkm, TZ) / bonč̨uq (TZ) / mončuq (QT2, MA, KA, QA, NF, FZ-misspelt, AH); tasbīḥ mončuqï ‘bead on a rosary’ (MAn) | bončuqčï ‘maker of beads’ (IM). bončuq 2. ‘necklace’ (QAb) / mončuq (QT2, QA). bončuq 3. ‘piece of jewelry’ (KD) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 478ap. 478a
mončuk Perle, Kleinod || boncuk, inci, mücevher; Girlande, Perlenkette || çelenk, inci gerdanlık; auch eines der sieben Juwelen (Skt. saptaratna) || yedi mücevherden de biri (Skt. saptaratna) (vgl./krş. Sogd. mwẓʾkk, Mo. mončoγ, mončaγ)
mončuk ärdini Perlen-Juwel (Skt. maṇiratna) || boncuk mücevheri, inci mücevheri (Skt. maṇiratna)
mončuk ärdini ugušlug Der zur Perlenjuwel-Familie (Skt. cintāmaṇikula) Gehörige (ein Buddha) || boncuk mücevheri aileli (Skt. cintāmaṇikula) (bir Buda’nın adı) -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 944–945, *mṓŋipp. 944–945, *mṓŋi
*mṓŋi (~ -e) round: Tung. *muŋu-, *muŋbu-; Mong. *möɣer; Turk. *bōn-čok; Kor. *mūŋ-.
PTung. *muŋu-, *muŋbu- 1 oval, round 2 blunt, rounded (1 овальный, круглый 2 тупой, закругленный): Evk. mumō 2, mumbu-me 1, mombo- ‘roll’; Evn. muŋuti 1; Man. mumuri 2; Nan. muŋgel-muŋgel bī 1.
◊ Tung. > Yak. mumur / muŋur ‘blunt’. See ТМС 1, 544, 556, 558. Evk. munčukē ‘beads’ may be derived or else may be a later Turkism.
PMong. *möɣer wheel, hoop (колесо, обруч): MMong. mo’er ‘felloe, rim’ (HY 18); WMong. möger (L 545); Kh. mȫr; Bur. mȫr(e); Kalm. mȫr; Dag. mēr (Тод. Даг. 154).
◊ KW 268.
PTurk. *bōnčok beads, small balls as ornaments (бусы, маленькие шарики в качестве украшений): OTurk. mončuq (Orkh., OUIgh.); Karakh. mončuq (MK); Tur. bonǯuk; Gag. bonǯuq; Az. munǯuɣ; Turkm. mōnǯuq; Khal. munǯuq; MTurk. mɨnčaɣ (Sangl.), bunǯuq (Pav. C.), munčaq (MA); Uzb. munčɔq; Uygh. mončaq (dial.); Krm. munǯax; Tat. muncaq (КСТТ); Bashk. munsaq (dial.); Kirgh. mončoq; Kaz. monšaq; KBalk. minčaq; KKalp. monšaq; Kum. minčaq; Khak. mončɨx, monńɨx (dial.).
◊ VEWT 340, EDT 349, ЭСТЯ 7. One can argue that this form is derived from *bōjn ‘neck’ (in old sources the word is usually reserved for neck ornaments). Forms like mojɨn-ča-k, attested in Tat., Bashk., Nogh., Kirgh., as well as Chag. mɨnčaɣ, KBalk., Kum. minčaq should be probably explained that way; but the form *bōn-čok itself may rather reflect earlier *mōŋi-č῾V(k῾V) ‘round ornament’, with secondary contaminations. Turk. > Russ. munčakъ, see Аникин 395.
PKor. *mūŋ- round, small round stone (круглый, маленький круглый камешек): MKor. mūŋ’ɨ́rí-tōr; Mod. muŋi ‘round thing, lump’, muŋuri ‘round stone’.
◊ Nam 224, KED 685.
‖ OJ mapa-r- ‘turn round’ may belong here if it goes back to < *moŋ-bV (cf. Tungus forms), although the vocalism is not quite right; cf. also Mong. (dissimilation?) bömbüger ‘round’, see EAS 116. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 349a–bp. 349a–b
bonçuk (?bonçok) ‘bead, bead necklace’; in some early occurrences perhaps, more generally, ‘jewel’. The modern forms suggest strongly that the second vowel was originally -o-. Survives in NE Khak. moncık: SE Türki monçak: NC Kır. monçok; Kzx. monşak: SC Uzb. munçok: NW Kk. monşak; Kumyk minçak; Nog. moyşak (sic): SW Az. muncuk; Osm. boncuk; Tkm. moncuk. Türkü viii ff. (a statement regarding the virtues) törlüg monçu:kuŋ taşları:ŋ ‘of various jewels and (precious) stones’ Toy. 2-3 (ETY II 57): Uyğ. viii ff. Man. yinçülüg monçuklar ‘pearl necklaces’ TT II 15, 11-12: Bud. mani monçuk ertini ‘the Mani (Sanskrit) necklace(?) jewel’ U II 37, 55; morvant (fr. Greek margarites) monçuk ‘a pearl necklace’ U III 15, 4 (ii); (my dear son I love you) ayadaki yinçü monçuk teg ‘like a pearl necklace in the palm of the hand’ PP 6, 8; o.o. TT V 20, 14 (in Note A 117); 26, 100: Civ. (if one burns and pulverizes) yılan başı monçuknı meaning obscure, ‘a necklace of snake’s heads’, or ‘the beads in (or on) a snake’s head’ H I 130: Xak. xi monçuk kull xaraza mina’l-ḥulī ‘any bead used as a personal ornament’: monçuk ‘any kind of jewel, lion’s claw or amulet (mina’l-cawāhir aw barāṯini’l-asad awi’l-tamā’im) hung on the neck of a horse’ Kaş. I 475; o.o. II 123 (sürül-); III 121 (to:d): xiii(?) Tef. monçuk ‘necklace’ 226 (munçuk): Çağ. xv ff. mınçağ (sic, spelt) xar-muhra ‘bead’ San. 321v. 3 (quotn.): Kip. xiv monçuk al-xaraz wa’l-fuṣūṣ ‘bead, the bezel of a ring’; also called bonçuk (? in Tkm.) Id. 89: xv xaraz bonşuk Tuh. 14b. 2: Osm. xviii bonçuk in Rūmī, ‘bead’ in Ar. xaraza San. 141v. 20. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 340a–bp. 340a–b
uig. mončuk ’Perle’, mtü. id., (Brock.) munčuk ’Glasperlen’, tel. mončok, hak. monǯyχ, kzk. monšak, krč. mynčak, kmk. minčak, čag. minǯäk, minǯik, osm. bonǯuk, kyz. hak. moŋō (kzk. mojnšak, kkir. mojniš unter Einfluss von mojn, bojun ’Hals’, sowie krm. mujsa ’Ochsenjoch’)
~ mo. (KWb. 264) kalm. montsaɢ ’Fransen, Ball (als Schmuck), bes. der Ball von rotem Zwirn, der am Brustriemen hängt’
< (Poppe 84) mončak, kh. molcog
S. auch Joki 242
