đ°Ÿđ°€
sÀn
Meaning:
you (second-person singular)
In the Old Turkic inscriptions, sĂ€n can address either one person or several; the ordinary plural siz is not attested in these texts. Its dative saĆa has back vowels despite the front vowel of the usual stem. Kashgari describes differing conventions of respectful address: among the Turks sĂ€n was used for children, servants and juniors, while respected people were addressed as siz; he reports the reverse singular convention among the Oghuz.
Examples
Translations
German:
du
Russian:
ŃŃ
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
sÉn
Turkish (TĂŒrkiye):
sen
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 285p. 285
sĂ€n âyouâ (g.) / sen (QT3, QT5, QA, ON, GUL, CC, MuG) / sÀñ (TZ) | [gen.] sĂ€niñ (QT1, QT5, MAn, QA, MM, GUL, MG, MuG) / seniñ (QA, MN, CC, MuG) / sĂ€nĂŒĂ± (MuG) / senĂŒĂ± (GUL+, MuG) / sĂ€nniñ (ON) | [acc.] sĂ€ni âyouâ (GUL, MuG) / seni (QT1, QT5, MAv, QA, MM, CC, MuG) | [dat.] â(to) youâ saña (g.) / saÄĄa (CC) / saa (CC, TZ-۳ۧÙۧ/ sañar (QT1, QT3, MM) / sĂ€ngĂ€ (ON) | [loc./abl.] sĂ€ndĂ€ âwith youâ (QT1, GUL) / sendĂ€ (QA, MuG); sĂ€ndĂ€ keážin âafter youâ (QT1) | [abl.] sĂ€ndin âfrom youâ (QA, MM, MuG) / sendin (QT1, QT5, QA, MuG) / sĂ€ndĂ€n âfrom youâ (GUL) / sendĂ€n (CC) / sÀñdĂ€n (TZ); sĂ€ndĂ€n burun âbefore youâ (TZ); sÀñdĂ€n kiÄirĂ€k âsmaller than youâ (TZ) | [equ.] seniñ teg âlike youâ (MN) | [pl.] sĂ€nlĂ€r âyouâ [pl.] (ON) | sĂ€nsiz âwithout youâ (GUL) / sĂ€nsizin âwithout youâ (GUL) | sĂ€nlikiñ âyour egoâ (MM) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El SözlĂŒÄĂŒp. 597p. 597
sĂ€n ~ s(Ă€)n du (auch Ăquivalent von Skt. tvam) || sen (Skt. tvamâın da eĆ deÄeri) -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 1237â1238, *sipp. 1237â1238, *si
*si thou: Tung. *si; Turk. *sáșč-; Jpn. *si. PTung. *si; *sĆ« 1 thou 2 you (your, yours) (pl.) (1 ŃŃ 2 ĐČŃ (ĐČĐ°Ń)): Evk. si 1, sĆ« (su-n) 2; Evn. hÄ« 1, hĆ« (hu-n) 2; Neg. sÄ« 1, sĆ« (su-n) 2; Man. si 1, suwe (suweni) 2; SMan. ĆĄÄ« (2873) 1, sĆ, soĆ (2874) 2; Ul. si 1, sue (sun) 2; Ork. si 1, sĆ« (su-n) 2; Nan. Ći 1, sue (sun) 2; Orch. si 1, su (su-n) 2; Ud. si 1, sĆ« (su-n) 2; Sol. ĆĄÌi 1, sĆ« (su-n) 2. â ĐąĐĐĄ 2, 72-73, 115. PTurk. *sáșč- thou (ŃŃ): OTurk. sen (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. sen (MK); Tur. sen; Gag. sĂ€n; Az. sĂ€n; Turkm. sen; Sal. sÄ(n); MTurk. sen (Pav. C.); Uzb. sen; Uygh. sĂ€n; Krm. sÉšn; Tat. sin; Bashk. hin; Kirgh. sen; Kaz. sen; KBalk. sen; KKalp. sen; Kum. sen; Nogh. sen; SUygh. sen; Khak. sin; Shr. sen; Oyr. sen; Tv. sen; Tof. sen; Chuv. ezÉ; Yak. en; Dolg. en. â VEWT 409, EDT 831-832, Stachowski 45, ĐХйЯ 7. See ibid the reflexes of PT *siĆ âyouâ (pl.). PJpn. *si thou (2d p. pron.) (ŃŃ): OJpn. si. â OJ si is not frequent and is sometimes hard to distinguish from the deictic / em- phatic particle si; however, there are several text examples firmly identifying its function as a 2d p. pronoun. It is used parallelly with the far more frequent na, but never occurs in compounds or with suffixes -re or -no; it is thus probable that it originally functioned as the direct stem as opposed to na as the oblique stem in a suppletive paradigm. See more detailed discussion in Murayama 1950, Miller JOAL and Itabashi 1998 (pace the latter author, however, we must say that the coincidence of si âthouâ and si áżŸdeictic / emphatic pronoun and particleâ must be just a coincidence). â EAS 72, ĐĐĐžĐĐŻĐŻ 52, 284. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 831bâ832app. 831bâ832a
sen the 2nd Pers. Sing. Pron. âthouâ. The vocalization follows the same irregular pattern as ben, q.v., the Dat. having always been saĆa:. In other cases the vowel was almost certainly -e-; spellings w. -Ă©- are fairly common in some dialects, but it seems impossible to find any grammatical explanation of the difference. In TĂŒrkĂŒ sen was used both as Sing. and as Plur., the regular Plur. siz not being found in these texts, perhaps fortuitously, but in Xak., q.v., it was regarded as uncivil to address anyone except an inferior as sen. C.i.a.p.a.l. TĂŒrkĂŒ viii sen occurs several times attached to V.s, e.g. ölteçi: sen âyou will dieâ I S 8, II E 6; sĂ©ni: TavÄaĂ§Ä±Ä Ă¶lĂŒ:rteçi: âthey will kill you Chineseâ T 10 (the only example of -Ă©-); ben seĆe: (so spelt, perhaps in error) ne: ayayın âwhat shall I say to you?â T 32: viii ff. Man. ay sen Waruk-dad oÄulı seniĆ ayÄaĆ ançaÄ ol âO thou, son of WarukdÄd! Thy words are thusâ M III 23, 6 (i); örtengey sen âthou shalt be burntâ do. 23, 4 (ii); seni okıyur men âI am calling theeâ do. 23, 12 (ii): UyÄ. viii ölmeçi: yitmeçi: sen âyou will not die or get lostâ Ću. E 5: viii ff. Bud. the normal form is sen (often spelt sn), e.g. sen neĂ§ĂŒk ozduĆ âhow did you escape?â PP 54, 4; but sĂ©n occurs in barmaÄay sĂ©n do. 19, 3; sĂ©ni teg âlike youâ U III 53, 7 (ii) (doubtful reading); in TT VIII the forms are se:n and se:niĆ: Civ. the normal form is sen, e.g. sen . . . bergil, sen ök tapĆırıp bergeysen âdo you give . . .; you shall hand over and give itâ USp. 17, 14â16; but sĂ©ni bertgeli âto wound youâ TT I 17; sĂ©nide boldı do. 126â7; sĂ©ni birle âwith youâ TT VII 30, 2 (same document): Xak. xi sen a Pron. (áž„arf) meaning âthouâ (anta); the Turks address this word only to children (al-áčŁiÄÄr), servants, and anyone junior to them in age or rank; and anyone enjoying respect or (high) rank (lahu áž„urma wa martaba) they address as siz, with -z; the OÄuz reverse this practice and say sen to an adult (or great man?, liâl-kabÄ«r) and siz to children and for the Plur. (liâl-camâ) also; this is the rule (al-qiyÄs) for both (peoples) because siz is the Plur. KaĆ. I 339; both sen and sĂ©ni:, seniĆ, saĆa:, sende:, sendin are common in KaĆ.: KB sen, seni (33, 194, etc.), seniĆ, saĆa, seniĆdin (7, 23, etc., perhaps only metri gratia) are the standard forms: Gancak xi sĂ©:n âthouâ (anta); the Turks say sen, and in this the Gancak pronunciation is corrupt (taraddala) because they always use Ă© (for e, tatbaâuâl-kasra; followed by an irrelevant note regarding the OÄuz use of w and u/ĂŒ for Turkish v and ı/i) KaĆ. III 138: xiii(?) At. sen, seniĆ, saĆa are regular; the MSS. vary between seni, sende and sĂ©ni, sĂ©nde; Tef. sen, seni, seniĆ, saĆa/saĆar, sendin/seniĆdin 267: xiv Muáž„. sen, seniĆ, saĆa, senden noted in Mel. 6 ff., Rif. 77 ff.: ĂaÄ. xv ff. sen xiáčÄb Ă©dĂŒp âas a Vocativeâ sen Vel. 290; sĂ©n 2nd Pers. Sing. Pron. tĆ« âthouâ, used both at the beginning and at the end of a phr. e.g. sĂ©n sĂ©n tĆ«-Ä« âthou artâ San. 258r. 5: Xwar. xiii(?) the standard forms in OÄ. are sen, seniĆ/senniĆ, sendin and irregularly senler/sĂ©nler; siz not used: xiv sen passim Qutb, MN: Kom. xiv sen, seni, seniĆ, saĆa (also spelt saÄa, saâa), sende, senden CCI, CCG; Gr. 217 (quotns.): Kip. xiii sen Hou. 50, 8 etc.; senin 52, 8; saĆa: (triply dotted kÄf) 52, 12: xiv sen Pron. meaning âthouâ Ä°d. 54; maâak senin bile Bul. 14, 13; lak saĆa: (sanga:) and senĂŒĆ (sic) 15, 2; âthouâ sen 16, 6: xv sen Kav. 21, 1 etc.; saĆa: (saÄa:) 21, 2; seni: 32, 11; senin (bile:) 34, 4; senden 45, 6; sende: 45, 15; sĂ©ni Tuh. 41a. 12, etc.; senden 73b. 3. -
M RĂ€sĂ€nen, I KecskemĂ©ti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der TĂŒrksprachenp. 409bp. 409b
sĂ€n kaz. bar. sin, jak. Ă€n âduâ MTS 9â
