𐱃𐱃
tat
Meaning:
alien; non-Turkic subject
The early term seems to denote an outsider in a subordinate social position, rather than simply any stranger. Its reference varies with period and community. Kashgari records it as a designation for Persians among Turks generally, but for non-Muslim Uyghurs among the Yaghma and Tukhsi. Later sources also use it for peasants or villagers.
Examples
Translations
German:
Fremder; nichttürkischer Untertan
Russian:
чужеземец; нетюркский подданный
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
yadelli; türk olmayan təbəə
Turkish (Türkiye):
yabancı; Türk olmayan tebaa
Bibliography 3
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 322a–b, s.v. ṭat¹ (complete entry)p. 322a–b, s.v. ṭat¹ (complete entry)
ṭat¹ 1. ‘peasant, villager’ (Arab, Persian) (AH) / ṭaṭ (DM ar. فَلّاح) / ṭaṭ (TZ ar. فَلّاح, حَضَرِيّ). ṭaṭ¹ | ṭatïq= ‘to speak like a peasant’ (AH). ṭaṭ¹ 2. ‘stranger’ (QT3, BM, MG) -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 449a–b, s.v. 1 tat (complete entry)p. 449a–b, s.v. 1 tat (complete entry)
1 tat the basic meaning of this word, which is translated very variously, seems to have been not so much ‘stranger’, which is 1 ya:t, as ‘an alien’, prob. a subject, but in any case inferior. Radloff (III 899) says that he had personally heard of it only as applied to a section of the Tatar population in the Crimea; his quotn. fr. Budagov goes back to Vel. As regards SW Osm., Leh. Osm. 286 (repeated in R III 899 and Sami 370) says that it was a word applied to the old Iranian and Kurdish populations of provinces absorbed into the Ottoman Empire and hence came to mean ‘miserable, destitute’. Türkü viii oğlı:ŋa: tatı:ŋa: tegi: bunı: körü: biliŋ ‘see and know this (all of you) down to your sons and alien subjects(?)’ I S 12; II N 15: Xak. xi tat among the Turks generally ‘a Persian’ (al-fârisî); hence the proverb tatığ kö:zre: tikenig tübre: ‘hit a Persian in the eye and a thorn-bush at the roots’: tat among the Yağma: and Tuxşı: kafara Uyğur ‘a pagan Uygur’; I heard this from them in their country; and there is a phr. current there tat tavğa:ç ‘Uyğur and Chinese’; they have this same proverb similarly explained, because they do not trust them; just as the right thing to do to a thornbush is to cut it down at the roots, so also the right thing to do to an Uyğur is to hit him in the eye. And they have another proverb tatsız türk bolma:s başsız börk bolma:s ‘there are no Persians except those mixed up with Turks (sic, lâ yakūnu’ l-fârisî illâ wa yuxāliṭu’l-turk), just as there is no cap unless it has a head to be put on’ Kaş. II 280; a.o. I 453 (tavğaç) and several others translated al- -fârisı, kâfir, or Uyğur’. Çağ. xv ff. tat ‘a class of serfs (riʿāyā) who do not live in towns and, without being actual slaves (kul), are in the service of landed gentry (akâbir); also used of a class of unemployed roughs (bî-kâr levend) Vel. 162 (quotn.); tat firqa-i tâcik ‘a clan of Persians’ San. 152r. 5 (quotn.); Kip. xiv tat al-fallâh ‘a peasant’ (one MS. adds ‘Arab and Persian’) Id. 62; ta:t al-musta'rab ‘assimilated to the Arabs’ (perhaps an error for al-nıustağrab ‘foreigner’) Bui. 5, 9: xv hadari ‘villager’ (şart and) tat Tuh. 13b. 3; fallâh tat do. 27b. 8. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 466b, s.v. tat “Perser” (complete entry)p. 466b, s.v. tat “Perser” (complete entry)
atü. uig. mtü. tat ’Perser’, MA. tat ’étranger’, s-uig. tat tangut ’тибетец’, AD. tat ’yabancı’; mtü. tat-yk ’verpersern’; mtü. tat-la ’als Perser ansehen’; AH. tat-yk ’fellâh gibi konuşmak’
