𐱅𐰃𐰚-
tik-
Meaning:
to plant, erect, set up
The historical relationship with the adjective tik “upright” is uncertain: the verb also covers insertion without a specifically vertical direction.
Examples
Translations
German:
pflanzen, aufrichten, aufstellen
Russian:
сажать, воздвигать, устанавливать
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
dikmək, ucaltmaq, qurmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
dikmek, kurmak
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 335b–336a, s.v. tik= (complete containing entry)pp. 335b–336a, s.v. tik= (complete containing entry)
tik= 1. ‘to sew’ (g.) / dik= (AH); ton tik= ‘to sew a garment’ (KA); töšäk tik= ‘to sew a mattress’ (NF); tonïna ṭarāz tik= ‘to embroider one’s garment’ (GUL) | tikil= 1. ‘to be sewn’ (QA); Qamuġ tonlar yignä birlä tikilür ‘All clothes are sewn with a needle’ (QA) | tikiči 1. ‘tailor’ (KT, QK) / dikiči (KD) [<*tikgüči; Radl. III, 1350:tar. tikikči ‘tailor’]. tikiči 2. ‘cobbler’ (GUL); basmaq tikiči ‘cobbler’ (GUL) | tikmä 1. ‘sewn together’ (CCa). tik= 2. ‘to plant, set up’ (g.) / dik= (AH, TZ); yergä tik= ‘to plant’ (QA, NF); čatïr/čadïr tik= ‘to set up a tent’ (QT5, NF); ẖaymä̧ tik= ‘to put up a tent’ (NF); közin tik= ‘to stare’ (MAv, QA, NF); Közin kökgä tikdi ‘He stared at the sky’ (QA) / Közini kökkä tikdi (NF); Közin yerkä tikti ‘He stared at the ground’ (MAv); tikä baq= ‘to stare’ (MAv) | tikil= 2. ‘to be planted’ (QT3, NF) / dikil= (MAv). tikil= 3. ‘to stand upright’ (QT3–4, MAv, NF) / dikil= (MAv); Yüz utru tikildi añar bir yigit kiši täg tüz boḏluġ ‘He stood before her a perfectly shaped young man’ (QT3) | tikmä 2. pole (CCb) | tiktür= ‘to make plant, erect’ (XŠ, ON, AH); Čoñ yaqïda qïrïq qulač ïġačnï tiktürdi ‘To his left he caused to be erected a pole forty fathoms high’ (ON) | tikin ‘field for planting’ (MM) [tt.dial. tikin]; nečä äkin yā tikin ‘however many fields for sowing and planting’ (MM). tik= 3. ‘to feed bit by bit’ (as a bird its young) (AH, BM ar. لَقَّمَ) | tikkä ‘a mouthful’ (QA) [TMEN no. 918; tt.dial. tike; ST, 319b] / tikü (MAn) / tiki (TZ). tik= 4. ‘to sting, bite (snake), pick’ (KA, QA, BM, GUL); Tabanïn tikti ‘(The snakes) bit the soles of his feet’ (QA); Tikti balaban quš közini ‘The goshawk picked out the bird’s eye(s)’ (KA) | tikič ‘goad’ (KT ar. مِهْمَاز). tik= 5. ‘to appoint’ (QT3–4, MAv, AH) / dik= (MAv); tanuq tik=/dik= ‘to call on as a witness’ (QT3–6, MAv) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 717b, s.v. ²tik- (complete entry)p. 717b, s.v. ²tik- (complete entry)
²tik- aufstellen, pflanzen, aufrichten, säen || kurmak, koymak, dikmek, doğrultmak, ekmek tik- tarı- pflanzen und säen || dikmek ve ekmek tikä turgur- aufstellen, aufrichten || kurmak, dikmek, doğrultmak -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1370, s.v. *tìk῾i (complete entry)p. 1370, s.v. *tìk῾i (complete entry)
*tìk῾i to plant vertically: Tung. *dīKē-; Mong. *čike; Turk. *dik-. PTung. *dīKē- to hide (прятать(ся)): Evk. dīkē-; Evn. dikъn-; Neg. dixē-n-; Ud. dige-. ◊ ТМС 1, 205. PMong. *čike straight, vertically (прямой, прямо, вертикально): WMong. čike, čeke (L 180); Kh. čix; Bur. sexe; Kalm. čikə; Ord. ǯixe. ◊ KW 439. Cf. also WMong. čig, Kalm. čig ‘straight’ (KW 438). Mong. čike > Oyr. čike etc. PTurk. *dik- 1 to plant vertically 2 vertical (1 ставить, сажать вер- тикально 2 вертикальный): OTurk. tik- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. tik- 1, tik 2 (MK); Tur. dik- 1, dik 2; Gag. dik- 1, dik 2; Az. dik 2, dik-ä-l- (refl.) 1, tik- ‘to build’; Turkm. dik- 1, dik 2; Khal. tik- 1; MTurk. tik- 1, tik 2 (Sangl.); Uzb. tik- 1, tik 2; Uygh. tik- 1, tik 2; Krm. tik- 1, tik 2; Tat. tekä- 1, tekä 2; Bashk. tekä 2, tekä- ‘упирать, устремлять взгляд’; Kirgh. tik- 1, tik 2; Kaz. tik- 1, tik 2; KBalk. tik ‘крутой’; KKalp. tik- 1, tik 2; Kum. tik- 1, tik 2; Nogh. tik- 1, tik 2; SUygh. tɨk- 1; Khak. tək- ‘to set up a house’; Chuv. čik- 1; Yak. tik-, tɨk- ‘to sting; to sew’; Dolg. tik- ‘to sew’. ◊ EDT 475-476, ЭСТЯ 3, 224-227, Егоров 325, Федотов 2, 417-418, Stachowski 223. ‖ EAS 50, 150, KW 85, 439, Poppe 16. A Western isogloss. In Mong. we also have Kalm. dekə- ‘to stick in; coire’ (KW 85), which Ramstedt (ibid.) compares with the Turkic and TM word; if this were the true cognate, we would have to think that Mong. *čig, *čike is borrowed < Turkic (as suggested in TMN 2, 659). The poor attestation of Mong. deke-, however, raises doubts (so does the final -e in Mong. čike, hardly to be expected in a Turkic loanword), so the traditional comparison (Turk. *dik : Mong. *čike) might be the best solution after all. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 476b–477a, s.v. tik- (complete entry)pp. 476b–477a, s.v. tik- (complete entry)
tik- (d-) basically ‘to insert (something Acc., in something else Dat.)’ with a wide range of specialized meanings, e.g. ‘to erect (a memorial stone), to plant (a plant)’, (in both cases lit. ‘to insert’ (in the ground)); ‘to sew’ (insert a needle), etc. Although in some meanings there is a connotation of inserting vertically, it is prob. that the phonetic identity with tik is fortuitous, esp. if that is a l.-w., unless this is also one, which is improbable. S.i.a.m.l.g.; see östik-. Türkü viii balbal tikmiş ‘they erected memorial stones’ (to my father the xağan) IE 16; o.o. I E 25; II S 9, 11: viii ff. Yen. Mal. 28, 4 etc. (begğü:): Uyğ. viii ff. Man. TT III 46-7 (biliglig): Bud. (listen) tike kulğakın ‘with pricked ears’ TT X 30; TM IV 254, 93; (accept the flowers and) başıgda tikğil ‘stick them in (the hair of) your head’ TT X 488; o.o. TT V, p. 16 (yiya:muk); Hiien-ts. 1909 (örü:): Civ. kim kayu kişi söğüt tikser ‘if anyone plants a tree’ TT VII 28, 42: Xak. xi er to:n tikdi: (sic) ‘the man sewed’ (xata) the garment’; and one says atı: yılanı tikti: (sic) ‘the snake bit (lasa'at) the horse’ (etc.); also used of a scorpion (stinging); and one says er yiğaıç tikdi: ‘the man planted (ğarasa) a tree’; also used of anything that one sets up vertically (naşabahu qd’ima(n)) Kaş. II 20 (tike:r, tikme:k); o.o. / 195, 2; 401, 3 (tiken); III 25 (yigi:); 229 (ditto); 367, 11: KB (he sat down quietly and) közin yerke tikti ‘fastened his eyes on the ground’ 769, 956: xiii(?) Tef. tik'to stick’ (a staff in the ground) 301; ‘to insert’ (something in a leak) 304 (tik-?): xiv Rbğ. çadır tikip ‘pitching a tent’ R III 1346; Muh. xata tik- Mel. 25, 11; Rif. 108; al-xayata ti:kmek 34, 13; tikmek 119; al-ğars tikmek 120 (only): Çağ. xv ff. tik- (‘with -i- not -e-’) (1) dūxtan ‘to sew’; (2) metaph. naşb kardan ‘to erect’; (3) ‘to plant (ğars kardan) a tree’ San. 195V. 5 (quotns.): Xwar. xiv tik- to pitch (a tent); to fix (one’s eyes on something)’ Qutb 178: Kom. xiv ‘to sew together, to plant’ tik- CCI; Gr.: Kip. xiii ğarasa min ğarsi’l-şacar tike koy- Hou. 36, 7; xdta mina'l-xayâta tik- do. 39, 20: xiv tiklaqqama ‘to feed’ (as a bird feeds its young) wa xata Id. 39; dik- ğarasa ıva xata ıva naşaba do. 49; xayyata wa laqqama tik- Bui. 43r.; lasa'a tik- do. 79V.: xv tik- xayyata wa ğarasa Kav. 9, 7; a.o. do. 75, 10; laqqama tik- Tuh. 32a. 6; (naşaba’l-câm ‘to set out the drinking cups’ kur- do. 36b. 13; a later (?SW) scribe misunderstanding this connected al-câm with lacatna ‘to sew’ and added dikti): Osm. xiv ff. dik-, dike, etc. in several meanings, fairly common TTS I 204-5 ; II 296; III 193; IV 222. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 479b, s.v. tik (complete entry)p. 479b, s.v. tik (complete entry)
kom. čag. tar. blk. usw. tik ‘aufrechtstehend, gerade, steil’, osm. dik ‘gerade’, krm. tiki id., kaz. tak ‘steil’, šor. tigä; tel. tik ‘Spule, Naht’; atü. uig. mtü. usw. tik ‘aufstellen, einstecken, beissen (Schlange), einpflanzen’, osm. dik, trkm. dik, s-uig. tek, kaz. tak ‘stechen, nähen’, jak. tik, čuv. čik ‘stechen, stecken’; mtü. tik-ä ‘ausreichen, genügen’ ~ mo. (Poppe 16) čike ‘gerade’ < *tike
