𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰴
tograk
Meaning:
a kind of poplar
The tree was probably the Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica), still called toğraq in modern Uyghur. The alternative identification with Populus balsamifera is geographically less plausible.
In Irık Bitig 64, the expression yağaklığ tograk describes a “nut-bearing poplar”, an unusual combination that may reflect poetic language rather than a botanical characteristic.
Examples
Translations
German:
eine Pappelart
Russian:
разновидность тополя
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
qovaq növü
Turkish (Türkiye):
bir kavak türü
Bibliography 4
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Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 725b, tograkp. 725b, tograk
tograk eine Pappelart (Populus balsamifera bzw. Populus euphratica) (auch nicht passendes Äquivalent von Skt. recanī = Ipomoea turpethum bzw. Croton polyandrus) || bir kavak türü (Populus balsamifera ya da Populus euphratica) (uygun olmayan Skt. recanī = Ipomoea turpethum veya Croton polyandrus’un eş değeri)
tograk togragusı Heilmittel, das aus Pappelholz gewonnen wird || kavak kerestesinden elde edilen çare -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 1458–1459, *t῾oŋerVpp. 1458–1459, *t῾oŋerV
*t῾oŋerV a k. of foliage tree: Tung. *tuŋde (~-r-); Mong. *towrai; Turk. *To(ŋ)gurak; Jpn. *təniari-.
PTung. *tuŋde (~-r-) willow (ива, тальник): Ul. tuŋde; Ork. tuŋde; Nan. tuŋde; Orch. tuŋde; Ud. tuŋde.
◊ ТМС 2, 215.
PMong. *towrai a k. of poplar (тополь разнолистный): WMong. touraj; Kh. tōroj; Kalm. tōrǟ, tōrā.
◊ KW 405.
PTurk. *To(ŋ)gurak 1 poplar 2 willow (1 тополь 2 ива): OTurk. toɣraq (OUygh. - YB) 1; Karakh. toɣraq (MK) 1; Tur. doranɨ 2 (dial.); Az. daraŋɣɨ 1 (dial.); Turkm. toGaraq 1, toraŋŋɨ 2; MTurk. turaq (Pav. C.) 1, turunqu 2 (Бор. Бад.); Uzb. turaŋɣi 1; Uygh. toɣraq 1; Kirgh. tōraq 1; Kaz. toraŋɣɨ 2; SUygh. torɣaq 1.
◊ VEWT 484, EDT 472. Not quite clear is the relationship to the isolated Tur. toz ‘poplar’.
PJpn. *təniari- ash-tree (ясень): MJpn. tònèríko; Tok. toneriko, toneriko.
◊ JLTT 550.
‖ KW 405. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 472a, toğrakp. 472a, toğrak
?D toğrak ‘poplar’; survives only(?) in SE Türki Slaw, BŞ, Jarring, the last specifying ‘balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera’, but the refce. to ‘nuts’ in IrkB is puzzling; al-hamad is not traceable in the dicts, and may be corrupt. Türkü viii ff. (of a falcon) yağaklı:ğ toğra:k üze: tüşü:pen ‘settling on a toğra:k full of nuts’ IrkB 64: Xak. xi toğrak al-ğarab (MS. al-ğarb) ‘a poplar’, wa huwa şacaru’l-hamad Kaş. I 468. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 484a, mtü. otü. toγrakp. 484a, mtü. otü. toγrak
mtü. otü. toγrak ‘Pappel’, čag. turak, kzk. turaŋγa, toraŋγy ‘Espe, Pappel’; čag. turan-ča ‘Espenart’
~ mo. (KWb. 405) to(g)urai ‘? Ulme’
