𐰇𐰓
öd
Meaning:
time; moment, period; season, hour
The word is traditionally transcribed öd, but Brāhmī spellings in Old Turkic texts consistently support üd. Its historical final consonant was ḏ/d, not t; consequently a proposed derivation from öt- “to pass through” is unconvincing. The original vowel length is not independently established.
Examples
Translations
German:
Zeit; Zeitpunkt, Zeitraum; Jahreszeit, Stunde
Russian:
время; момент, период; время года, час
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
zaman, vaxt; müddət; fəsil, saat
Turkish (Türkiye):
zaman, vakit; an, süre; mevsim, saat
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 217b, entry öḏp. 217b, entry öḏ
öḏ ‘time’ (QT1, QT3, QT5) / öd (QT3, MAv) / öz (QT2) / öy (IM); atamïš öḏ ‘appointed time’ (QT3 ar. أَجَل); öḏ ber= ‘to grant respite’ (QT3); öḏ ur= ‘to appoint a time’ (QT3 ar. وَعَدَ) | öḏläg ‘midday, noon’ (MAv, KA, QA, NF) / ödläg (MAv) / öyläg (QT4, QAba, KD) / özläg (QAc) / öḏlä (MM) / öylä (QT5, IM, MAv, GUL, AH, QY) / öylän (KT, QY) / ölän (QAa); öḏläg isigi ‘midday heat’ (KA); öḏläg namāzï ‘noon prayer’ (QA) | öḏläš= ‘to make an appointment’ (QT3 ar. تَوَاعَدَ) | öyül= ‘to be granted respite’ (QT4) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 819a, entry ¹üd and its collocationsp. 819a, entry ¹üd and its collocations
¹üd Zeit (auch Äquivalent von Skt. velā), Gelegenheit, Moment, Jahreszeit, Stunde || zaman, vakit (Skt. velā’nın da eş değeri), fırsat, an, mevsim, saat; Zeitraum || süre; Gegenwart, Anwesenheit || bulunma, mevcudiyet; (m) Seite || yön
üd bašlagı Zeitenbeginn || zaman başlangıcı
üd eniši Niedergang der Zeit || zaman çöküşü
üd eyinki koluča der Jahreszeit entsprechend || mevsime göre
üd kıl- sterben (wörtl.: ,Zeit machen‘ = Calque nach Skt. kālam kṛ-) || ölmek (kelimesi kelimesine: „zaman yapmak“ (Skt. kālam kṛ-’nın öyküntüsü))
üd kolu Zeitpunkt², Moment², Zeit² || an², zaman²
üd kolu čöpdik die Trübung ,Zeit²‘ (Skt. kalpakaṣāya) || ,zaman²‘ bulandırması (Skt. kalpakaṣāya)
üd kolular etigi Gerät zur Zeit²(messung) || zaman² (ölçme) aleti
üd kün Zeit und Tag || zaman ve gün
üdtä basa von der Zeit an ... || ... zamandan itibaren
üdün üdün immer wieder || tekrar tekrar -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1042, entry *odi (~ -e), “day, time”p. 1042, entry *odi (~ -e), “day, time”
*odi ( ~ -e) day, time: Mong. *üd-; Turk. *öd.
PMong. *üd- 1 afternoon 2 day 3 evening (1 полдень 2 день 3 вечер): MMong. ude 1 (HY 5), udur (SH, HY 5) 2, udeši (HY 5) 3, ädär, od, ädor (IM), udēši ‘night’, uder 2 (LH), hudeši (MA); WMong. üde 1 (L 995), edür (L 295) 2; Kh. üd 1, ödör 2, üdeš 3; Bur. üde 1, üder 2, üdeše 3; Kalm. üdə 1, ödr̥ 2 (КРС); Ord. üde 1, üdür 2, üdeši 3; Mog. ɔdur, udur 2 (Weiers); Dag. udur 1, 2 (Тод. Даг. 170), üdeši ‘yesterday’, udure 2; Dong. dur 1, udu 2; Bao. udu 1, udər 2; S.-Yugh. ude 1, udur 2; Mongr. udur, dur (SM 464) 1, 2.
◊ MGCD 540, 687. Mong. > Manchu uden ‘rest at midday’ (see Rozycki 215).
PTurk. *öd time (время): OTurk. öd (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. öδ(leg) (MK), öδleg (KB); Tur. öjle ‘midday’; Az. öjlä ‘midday’; Turkm. öjle ‘midday’; MTurk. öj (IM), öjle ‘midday’; Krm. üjlɛ ‘midday’; Tat. öjlɛ ‘midday’; Nogh. üjlɛ ‘midday’; Oyr. öj; Chuv. vara ‘later’.
◊ EDT 35-36, 56, ЭСТЯ 1, 516-517, VEWT 368, Лексика 68-69. Turk. > Hung. idő (< *öd-eg), see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 1, 189.
‖ KW 455, Владимирцов 153, Лексика 68-69. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Cf. also Mong. udaɣa, Mongor udā ‘time’ (MGCD 666). Nan. udur ‘heat’ may be borrowed < Mong. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 35a–b, entry ö:d (time)p. 35a–b, entry ö:d (time)
ö:d ‘time’, both as ‘a point in time’ and ‘a period of time’; in astronomical terminology apparently ‘an hour’. Survives in NE Tel. öy R I 1172; Tuv. öy Pal. 319; SE Tar. öt R I 1259; SW xx Anat. öd DD 1101. See ödleg, kolu. Türkü viii ol ödke: ‘at that time’ I E 21; II E 18; antağ ödke: ‘at a time like that’ I E 40; a.o. I N 10 (ay-) (note that bu ödke: in I S 1 was corrected to bödke: in II N 1); viii ff. Man. ol ödün ‘at that time’ Chuas. I 6-7: Uyğ. viii ff. Chr. ol ödün U I 5, 2: Man.-A üküş ödte berü ‘for a long time’ M I 11, 17; ol ödke 11, 3; edgü ödke koluka ‘at a good time and moment’ 26, 20: Man. ol ödün ‘at that time’ TT II 6, 33: Bud. ol ödün PP 4, 2; ölgülük ödi ‘the time when he must die’ U II 28, 7; ötrü yaylı kışlı tört öd bolur ‘then the four seasons, summer and winter (etc.) come into existence’ (within each of the four seasons (öd) two periods (öd) are distinguished and eight first days (yaŋı kün) come into existence) TT VI 324-6; (in the fortunate earth-monkey year) üdrülmiş edgü ödke kutluğ koluka ‘at a chosen good time and an auspicious moment’ Pfahl. 6, 1; (in the Türk Türgeş country) ödi kolusı tumlıg ‘their seasons are cold’ Hüen-ts. 106; (since the seven planets cannot conceal themselves from them) öd kolular étigin yaratmışlar ol ‘they have constructed instruments for (measuring) time’ 132; öd kolu ermez ‘this is not the time (Hend.)’ (to speak at length) TT X 27; kimniŋ kurtulmaklığ ödin kolusın odğurak bilser ‘if he knows intimately the moment of anyone’s liberation’ 273-4: Civ. ikintüz iki ödte ‘twice daily’ H II 8, 32; üküş ödün isig ‘a recurring fever’ ditto 10, 65; tünle tokuzunç ödte ‘in the ninth hour of the night’ TT VII 9, 32-3; yunt ödinde ... sıçğan ödinde ‘in the (Chinese style) double hour of the horse ... of the mouse’ do. 25, 23 and 25; o.o. TT I 3, USp. 70, 5; in the astronomical text TT VIII L. the word occurs several times spelt üt, there are other similar apparent mis-spellings in these texts due to a shift in the phonetic values of Brāhmī letters: xiv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. ‘the four seasons’ tört öd R I 1259; Ligeti 189: Xak. xi ö:d (spelt o:d in error) al-zamān ‘time’; bi-şammati’l-wāw ‘with front vowel’ Kaş. I 44; eleven o.o.: KB (God created) öd ödleg ‘times and seasons’ 3; many o.o.: xiii(?) Tef. öz (sic?) ‘time’ 242; At. (the wise man knows) iş ödin ‘the time for action’ 113: xiv Rbğ. ö:d ‘time’ R I 1259: Muh. al-waqt ‘time’ ö:y Mel. 79, 15; Rif. 184. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 368b, entry atü. ödp. 368b, entry atü. öd
atü. öd ’Zeit’, mtü. öd, IM. tel. öj ’Zeit, Zeitpunkt’ (> soj. öj ’момент, время, сезон’, üje ’время, эпоха, век’), čag. tar. öt (!), uig. öd-ün ’immer, alle Zeit’; mtü. öδ-läk ’Zeit’, osm. öjlä, čag. osm. üjlä ’Mittag, Mittagszeit’, kaz. öjlä, mtü. özlä ’Mittag’, (oγuz; kpč.) öjle, čag. özläk ’Mittagsgebet’; *öd-äg (> ung. BTLU 85 idő ’Zeit’)
~ mo. (KWb. 455) üde ’Mittag, Mittagsstunde’
