𐰃𐰺𐰴
ırık, ırk
Meaning:
omen; divination, lot
ırk could denote the concrete means or result of divination, such as a lot, dice or a hexagram, as well as an omen or the practice of divination itself. It is phonologically distinct from front-vowel irk “ram”.
Examples
Translations
German:
Omen; Orakel, Los
Kazakh:
ırım; bal aşu
Kyrgyz:
ırım; tölgö, bal açuu
Russian:
предзнаменование; гадание, жребий
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
əlamət; fal, püşk
Turkish (Türkiye):
alamet; fal, kura
Turkmen:
alamat; pal
Uzbek:
alomat; fol, qur’a
Bibliography 9
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 151p. 151
*ïrq ‘divination’ | ïrqla= ‘to practice divination’ (MG) | ïrqïl ‘inauspicious’ (TZ ar. مشؤم) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 290p. 290
ırk Orakel, Omen, Los, Würfel, Losbuch || fal, kehanet, kader, zar, kehanet kitabı (s./bk. Sogd. ʾrk)
ırk bädizi die Bilder der Hexagramme (im chin. Orakel) || (Çin falında) altı çizgili geometrik şekillerin resmi
ırk bitig Losbuch (Werktitel) || kehanet kitabı (bir metnin başlığı)
ırk sač- das Los werfen || kader saçmak, kehanette bulunmak
ırk sačmak Würfelwerfen (Skt. akṣakrīḍā) || zar atma (Skt. akṣakrīḍā)
ırk sun sač- Orakel² werfen || kehanette² bulunmak
ırkın kör- jemandes Orakel betrachten, für jemand das Orakel befragen || (birinin) geleceğini görmek, birine geleceği sormak -
F. Sema Barutcu Özönder (2006) Çöyr Yazıtıpp.118–119pp.118–119
ırk ve bundan türetilenler, yalnız değildir; ırk, geniş bir aileye sahip olduğunu açığa çıkartacak değerde bir sözcüktür. Eski Türkçe ırk, tarihsel ve modern Türk dilinde rastlanan ırım, ırs ve ıru ile birlikte bizi *ır- üretici köküne rahatça uzatır ve onu *ır-k olarak parçalamamıza izin verir. ırk’ın ırım ve ırs’la ilişkisine ise ilk Ramstedt işaret etmiştir (VEWT 166b’den Ramstedt JRAS 1912:193). Muhtemelen Ramstedt’ten bağımsız olarak A. İnan da “Oğuz Destanındaki Irkıl Ata” başlıklı yazısında Irkıl kişi adında ırk’ı bulurken, ırkıl’ı Saha Türkçesindeki işi olmasından önce sezmek ve fal açma anlamlarındaki ırala ile modern Türk dilinde talih anlamları ile yaşayan ırk ve ırs’la karşılaştırır. İnan ırs’ın bütün Türk ağızlarında türkü ve şarkı anlamına geldiğini de belirterek bu türkü ve şarkıların tarihten önceki çağlarda “ilâhî” ve tanrıların sesleri demek olmuş olsa gerek diyerek güçlü bir sezgide de bulunur (1934 (1968:196-7)). -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicp. 53p. 53
The language does appear to have this phonemic opposition in first syllables, in view of such pairs as verbal tïk- ‘to stuff’ vs. tik- ‘to erect’ and sïk- ‘to squeeze’ vs. sik- ‘to copulate (male subject)’, or nominal kïr ‘mountain’ (and kï:r ‘grey’) vs. kir ‘filth’, ïrk ‘omen’ vs. irk ‘ram’ and kï:n ‘sheath, scabbard’ vs. ki:n ‘navel; musk’; these are shown to differ by the fact that their velars are spelled differently in most of the writing systems. The pairs kïš ‘winter’ vs. ki:š ‘sable’, sï:k ‘shallow’ vs. sik ‘penis’ kiz ‘box etc.’ vs. kï:z ‘girl’ and ‘costly’ and kïr- ‘to scrape off’ vs. ki:r- ‘to enter’ are at least near-minimal, as their vowels are of different length, in so far as the length opposition was kept up in dialects of Old Turkic: Evidence for this is, however, rather weak; my spelling of ‘to enter’ as ki:r- in the previous sentence may therefore be anachronistic. The opposition ïrkla- ‘to consult the omens’ vs. irklä- ‘to tread on something’ may have been perfect only for some varieties of Old Turkic, as the latter verb appears to have had an onset */h/. -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp.1144–1145pp.1144–1145
*p῾ĭru to pray, bless: Tung. *pirugē-; Mong. *hiruɣe-; Turk. *ɨr-; Kor. *pīr-.
PTung. *pirugē- to pray (молиться, заклинать): Evk. hiruɣē-; Evn. hirge-; Neg. xīɣē-; Man. firu-; Sol. irugē-.
◊ ТМС 2, 327-328.
PMong. *hirüɣe- 1 to bless 2 benediction (1 благословлять, молиться 2 благословение): MMong. xiru’e- (SH) 1, hirē- (MA 185) 1; WMong. irüge- 1, irügel 2 (L 415); Kh. jörȫ- 1, jörȫl 2; Bur. jürȫ- 1, ürȫr 2 (Alar.); Kalm. jörɛ̄l 2; Ord. örȫ- 1, örȫl 2; Dag. hirbe- (Тод. Даг. 176: xirbe-), šurēl 1 (Тод. Даг. 184); Mongr. śurō- (SM 402) 1.
◊ KW 220.
PTurk. *ɨr- 1 prediction, luck 2 omen 3 premonition (1 предсказание, счастье 2 знамение 3 предчувствие): OTurk. ɨrk 1 (OUygh.); Karakh. ɨrk 1 (MK); Tur. ɨrk 1; Krm. ɨrɨz ‘dignity’; Bashk. ɨrɨχ 1 (dial.); Kirgh. ɨrk ‘welfare’, ɨrɨs 1; Kaz. ɨrɨq 1; KBalk. ɨrɨs 1; KKalp. ɨrɨs 1; Kum. ɨrɨs 1; Nogh. ɨrk 3, ɨrɨs 1; SUygh. ɨrq 1; Khak. ɨrɨx 1, ɨrɨs 1; Shr. ɨrɨs 1; Oyr. ɨrɨs 1; Chuv. ərex ‘soul; expedience’; Yak. ɨrā 3.
◊ VEWT 166, 167, EDT 213, ОСНЯ 3, 119-120, ЭСТЯ 1, 665.
PKor. *pīr- to beg, pray (просить, умолять): MKor. pīr-; Mod. pīl-.
◊ Nam 279, KED 862.
‖ EAS 53, 150, Владимирцов 181-182, Poppe 12, 60, ОСНЯ 3, 119-124, Цинциус 1984, 39, Дыбо 14. Despite Poppe 1966, 197, 1972, 100, Doerfer MT 23, TM is hardly < Mong. -
Marcel Erdal (1991) Old Turkic Word Formationp.437, §5.12 +lA-p.437, §5.12 +lA-
ırk+la- ‘to consult the omens’ appears six times in TT VII 28 (a late text) and in the DLT. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 213p. 213
ırk originally a Conc. N. ‘dice, sticks, etc. used for casting lots, divination, etc.’, thence ‘a magical figure, hexagram’, and the like; thence abstract, ‘an omen, taking omens, divination, etc.’ It is listed in R I 1370 (quoting Zenker) as a SW Osm. word meaning ‘luck, fortune’ and survives in this meaning in SW xx Anat. ırğ/ırk/ırık/ırğın SDD 772-4. NC Kır. ırk ‘comfort, a peaceful life’ can hardly be the same word. Türkü viii ff. bu ırk başı:nta: ‘at the beginning of this omen’ IrkB 57; bu ırk biti:g ‘this book of omens’ do. Postscript. Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. (he asked for a piece of chalk, took it and drew a pattern on the ground) ırk saçtı ırkın körmişdin ké:n ‘threw the dice (or rods?) and after scrutinizing their omen’ (rather than ‘the dice’—he said) Hüen-ts. 37: Civ. ırk is the technical term for the Chinese hexagrams in TT I (14, etc.), and also for the omens stated in short sentences in TT VII 28 (8, etc.): Xak. xi ırk al-kahāna wa’l-fāl wa ixrācu’l-ḍamīr ‘divination, taking omens, and elucidating secrets’ Kaş. I 42. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp.167ap.167a
uig. (Gab.) mtü. yrk ’Weissagung’, s-uig. yrk, yryk ’счастье’, ’будущее хорошее предсказание’, hak. yryχ, osm. (Zenk.) yrk ’Glück’
Vgl. oben yrym -
Н. А. БАСКАКОВ (1963) НОГАЙСКО-РУССКИЙ СЛОВАРЬp.427p.427
ырк настроение; желание, воля; ыркына коьре по настроению; ыркы туьсуьв у него появилось желание что-л. сделать.
