𐰃𐰺𐰴

ırık

Meaning:
omen; divination, lot

ırk could denote the concrete means or result of divination, such as a lot, dice or a hexagram, as well as an omen or the practice of divination itself. It is phonologically distinct from front-vowel irk “ram”.

In modern languages

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Turkish (Azerbaijan) The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Turkish (Türkiye) ırık*
Salar The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Gagauz The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Crimean The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Uyghur The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Uzbek The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Kazakh The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Nogai The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Siberian Tatar The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Kyrgyz The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Altai The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Alan The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Kumyk The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Tatar The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Bashkir The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Tıva The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Khakas The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Khalaj The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Chuvash The cognate has disappeared from this language.

* Meaning shifted

Examples

Irıq Bitig
1

Translations

German:
Omen; Orakel, Los
Kazakh:
ırım; bal aşu
Kyrgyz:
ırım; tölgö, bal açuu
Russian:
предзнаменование; гадание, жребий
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
əlamət; fal, püşk
Turkish (Türkiye):
alamet; fal, kura
Turkmen:
alamat; pal
Uzbek:
alomat; fol, qur’a

  • Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkic p. p. 151
    *ïrq ‘divination’ | ïrqla= ‘to practice divination’ (MG) | ïrqïl ‘inauspicious’ (TZ ar. مشؤم)
  • Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen: Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü: Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe p. p. 290
    ırk Orakel, Omen, Los, Würfel, Losbuch || fal, kehanet, kader, zar, kehanet kitabı (s./bk. Sogd. ʾrk)
    ırk bädizi die Bilder der Hexagramme (im chin. Orakel) || (Çin falında) altı çizgili geometrik şekillerin resmi
    ırk bitig Losbuch (Werktitel) || kehanet kitabı (bir metnin başlığı)
    ırk sač- das Los werfen || kader saçmak, kehanette bulunmak
    ırk sačmak Würfelwerfen (Skt. akṣakrīḍā) || zar atma (Skt. akṣakrīḍā)
    ırk sun sač- Orakel² werfen || kehanette² bulunmak
    ırkın kör- jemandes Orakel betrachten, für jemand das Orakel befragen || (birinin) geleceğini görmek, birine geleceği sormak
  • Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic p. p. 53
    The language does appear to have this phonemic opposition in first syllables, in view of such pairs as verbal tïk- ‘to stuff’ vs. tik- ‘to erect’ and sïk- ‘to squeeze’ vs. sik- ‘to copulate (male subject)’, or nominal kïr ‘mountain’ (and kï:r ‘grey’) vs. kir ‘filth’, ïrk ‘omen’ vs. irk ‘ram’ and kï:n ‘sheath, scabbard’ vs. ki:n ‘navel; musk’; these are shown to differ by the fact that their velars are spelled differently in most of the writing systems. The pairs kïš ‘winter’ vs. ki:š ‘sable’, sï:k ‘shallow’ vs. sik ‘penis’ kiz ‘box etc.’ vs. kï:z ‘girl’ and ‘costly’ and kïr- ‘to scrape off’ vs. ki:r- ‘to enter’ are at least near-minimal, as their vowels are of different length, in so far as the length opposition was kept up in dialects of Old Turkic: Evidence for this is, however, rather weak; my spelling of ‘to enter’ as ki:r- in the previous sentence may therefore be anachronistic. The opposition ïrkla- ‘to consult the omens’ vs. irklä- ‘to tread on something’ may have been perfect only for some varieties of Old Turkic, as the latter verb appears to have had an onset */h/.
  • Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish p. p. 213
    ırk originally a Conc. N. ‘dice, sticks, etc. used for casting lots, divination, etc.’, thence ‘a magical figure, hexagram’, and the like; thence abstract, ‘an omen, taking omens, divination, etc.’ It is listed in R I 1370 (quoting Zenker) as a SW Osm. word meaning ‘luck, fortune’ and survives in this meaning in SW xx Anat. ırğ/ırk/ırık/ırğın SDD 772-4. NC Kır. ırk ‘comfort, a peaceful life’ can hardly be the same word. Türkü viii ff. bu ırk başı:nta: ‘at the beginning of this omen’ IrkB 57; bu ırk biti:g ‘this book of omens’ do. Postscript. Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. (he asked for a piece of chalk, took it and drew a pattern on the ground) ırk saçtı ırkın körmişdin ké:n ‘threw the dice (or rods?) and after scrutinizing their omen’ (rather than ‘the dice’—he said) Hüen-ts. 37: Civ. ırk is the technical term for the Chinese hexagrams in TT I (14, etc.), and also for the omens stated in short sentences in TT VII 28 (8, etc.): Xak. xi ırk al-kahāna wa’l-fāl wa ixrācu’l-ḍamīr ‘divination, taking omens, and elucidating secrets’ Kaş. I 42.