𐰢𐰆𐰭
muŋ, buŋ
Meaning:
sorrow, distress; hardship, need
In the earliest inscriptions the noun is written buŋ, while later Old Turkic texts also have muŋ. Its range includes not only grief and mental anguish but also hardship, constraint and material need.
Examples
Translations
German:
Kummer, Bedrängnis; Not, Bedürftigkeit
Russian:
печаль, горе; нужда, бедствие
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
kədər, sıxıntı; məhrumiyyət
Turkish (Türkiye):
keder, sıkıntı; darlık, ihtiyaç
Bibliography 4
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 197b–198app. 197b–198a
muñ 1. ‘sorrow, distress’ (QT5, QA, MM, XŠ, MO); muñġa bat= ‘to be engulfed in sorrow’ (MO) | muñluġ ‘in distress, needy’ (QT3, QT5, KA, QA, NF, XŠ) / muñlu (MAv, XŠ, AH) / muñlï (MAv, XŠ, AH); Ätmäkkä muñluġ-män ‘I am in need of bread’ (QA); Bizgä muñluġ ermäs-sen, biz mä saña muñluġ-miz ‘You don’t need us, but we need you’ (QA); muñluġ bol= ‘to come to be at s.o.’s mercy’ (QA); Yūsufġa ḥasad qïlġanlar aña oq muñluġ boldïlar ‘Those who envied Joseph came to be dependent on his very mercy’ (QA) | muñsuz ‘carefree, not in need’ (QT1–5, MAv, KA, NF) / muñsïz (QT4–5); ortaqlarnïñ ortaqlïqïndïn muñsuz ‘not in need of the companionship of companions’ (NF); muñsuz qïl= ‘to enrich’ (QT1) | muñsuzluq ‘being without need, wealth’ (QT3–5, KA ar. غِنْيَة) | muñsuzlan= ‘to be self-sufficient’ (QT3 ar. اِسْتَغْنَى) | muñla= ‘to complain’ (QA); Bolušġan tapmadï, muñlaġalu yer tapmadï ‘He found no one to help him and no place where he could talk about his difficulties’ (QA) | muñlan= ‘to complain’ (MAv, QA); Iḏi ḥażratïġa muñlanur-män ‘I complain to God of my sorrow and sadness’ (Q. 12/86) (QA) | muñlat= ‘to be depressing’ (QY) | muñaḏ= ‘to be needy, to be in distress’ (QT1, QT3) / muñay= (IMa فَقَرَ) [SAN 319v27 muñay= ‘to be distressed’; karL munay=] | muñal= 1. ‘to be needy, to be in distress’ (QT2–3). muñal= 2. ‘to get enough of sth.’ / buñal= (GUL+) [in poem of Ḥasanoġlı; tt.dial. buñal= (DS 791)] | muñalt= ‘to distress’ (MAv) / muñġalt= (YL) | muñalduqmïš ‘in need, in distress’ (MAv) | muñuq= ‘to be tormented, distressed’ (QT1, QT3) | muñuqtur= ‘to put in distress’ (QT3). muñ 2. ‘need’ (QA, AH); J̌üftgä muñï yoq ‘He has no need of a spouse’ (QA). muñ 3. ‘simpleton, idiot’ / möñ (TZ) / bun (AH) [tt. bön]. -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüpp. 480b–481app. 480b–481a
¹muŋ Not, Kummer, Leid, Armut || darlık, sıkıntı, acı, keder, üzüntü, yoksulluk; notleidend || yokluk çeken, sıkıntı çeken. muŋ ay muŋ ay o weh! o weh! || of of, vay vay! muŋ ämgäk Leid₂, Not und Leid || acı₂, sıkıntı ve acı muŋ käy Kummer₂ || acı₂, keder₂, üzüntü₂ muŋ käy kıl- bedauern₂ || üzülmek₂ muŋ ötüglüg notleidend und flehend || yokluk çeken ve yalvaran muŋ tak Kummer₂, Leid₂ || acı₂, keder₂, sıkıntı₂ muŋ tar Not und Bedrängnis || sıkışıklık ve sıkıntı. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 347a–bp. 347a–b
buŋ ‘grief, sorrow, melancholy’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in SW only(?) in xx Anat. bun SDD 231. Türkü viii elte: buŋ yok ‘there is no distress in the realm’ I S 3; a.o. do. 8; ne buŋı: bar erteçi: ermiş ‘what (cause for) distress would he have had?’ T. 57: viii ff. Man. (if we have broken these commandments) muŋumuz takımız tegip ‘because distress or compulsion(?) affected us’ Chuas. 200; muŋ üçün ‘because of (our) distress’ do. 230; a.o. 251: Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. ne muŋ tak boltı ‘what irresistible compulsion came into existence?’ (so that you had to send your son on a dangerous journey) PP 26, 1 (this seems the best translation here); a.o. Suv. 7, 11 (oŋar-): Xak. xi muŋ ta:ğ ḍirsu'l-ḥulum ‘wisdom tooth’; hence one says muŋ ta:ğ ündi: ‘the wisdom tooth has erupted’ (this looks like the same phr. used metaph.): muŋ al-miḥna ‘distress, sorrow’ Kaş. III 360 (prov.); (do not cross the Kara: Yalğa: pass) kara: mu:ŋ (sic) kelmekinçe: ‘unless an overwhelming calamity (al-dāhiyatu'l-muẓlima) approaches’ III 33, 2; two o.o.: KB (all suffering mortals were created by Him) muŋı yok idi ‘the Lord who has no sufferings’ 5; isizniŋ künige miŋ artar muŋı ‘the sorrows of the wicked man increase at the rate of a thousand a day’ 349; muŋum ham takım 391; o.o. 3503, 3854: xiii(?) At. 30 (eğir-): Çağ. xv ff. muŋ balā ve miḥnatlu ‘misfortune, sorrow . . . unhappy, sorrowful’ Vel. 386; mun (spelt) dard wa ġam ‘sorrow, grief’ San. 320v. 22 (quotn.): Kip. xiv bun (‘with back vowels’) al-racul l-ġimr ‘ignorant man, simpleton’ Id. 37; muŋ (-ŋ marked) al-ḥāca wa'l-ḍarūra ‘need, distress’ Id. 88: xv bālīd ‘silly, foolish’ (VU) muŋ Tuh. 7a. 9; sāç wa muġaffal ‘simpleton’ (VU) muŋ do. 19a. 1 (if it were not for the statement ‘with back vowels’ all these words except one might be taken to belong to 1 bü:n): Osm. xiv to xvii buŋ ‘pain, distress’; common till xvi TTS I 123; II 175; III 116; IV 131. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 344bp. 344b
*muŋ́, *buŋ́: atü. čag. buŋ 'Grenze, Beengung', AH. mtü. muŋ 'Mühe, Not', IM. mun, bun 'eksiklik', uig. muŋ, myŋ, buŋ 'Not, Kummer', kmd. myŋ, otü. tar. usw. muŋ 'Mühe, Leiden, Sorge, Kummer, Trauer', kaz. mɵŋ 'Qual, Leiden', jak. muŋ 'предел, граница', osm. bön 'Narr, beschränkt, töricht'; atü. buŋa 'Beengung'; uig. muŋ-ad 'sich sorgen, mühen', IM. muŋaj 'beengt sein', kzk. muŋaj 'sich betrüben, sich gekränkt, sich beleidigt fühlen', kaz. mɵnaj, kar. muj-aj, mvm-aj 'traurig sein'; uig. muj-γā 'störrisch', muj-mal 'verwirrt werden', muj-un 'konfus'; čag. buŋ-a 'beengt'; buŋ-a-l 'beengt sein', kzk. muŋ-al; hak. muγari, muχan 'мучиться', muχa-s 'мучение' — mo. (KWb. 269, Poppe 35) muŋqag 'dumm' ~ tung. moŋnon, boŋnon id.
