𐰆𐰞𐰆𐰺-
olur-
Meaning:
to sit, sit down; reside, settle
olur- means ‘to sit, sit down’, and by extension ‘take one’s seat’, ‘settle, stay, reside’. In the early inscriptions it is used both of ordinary sitting and, in a specialised political usage, of a ruler taking the throne; it may also describe settling or remaining in a particular place.
The origin of the later forms oltur- and oldur- has been explained in different ways:
- Erdal derives oltur- from older olor-. After syncope produced a sequence olr-, a parasitic t arose between l and r; this t was subsequently generalised and a vowel inserted before r, yielding oltur-.
- Clauson tentatively reconstructs *olğur- on the evidence of the causative olğurt-, while acknowledging that no other trace of such a form is known. He separately explains oldur- and oltur- through an early consonantal dissimilation.
- Räsänen proposes *olu-tur ‘remain being’, apparently connecting the verb historically with ol- ‘be, become’ and tur- ‘stand, remain’.
- Starostin, Dybo and Mudrak reconstruct Proto-Turkic *ol-ur- and *ol(u)-tur-. The precise internal etymology remains disputed.
Examples
Translations
German:
sitzen, sich setzen; wohnen, sich niederlassen
Russian:
сидеть, садиться; жить, поселяться
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
oturmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
oturmak
Turkmen:
oturmak
Uzbek:
o'tirmoq
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 208b–209app. 208b–209a
oltur= 1. ‘to sit, sit down’ (g.) / olṭur= (AH, TZ, BM) / oldur= (QT1, QT3-.4, MAv, KA) / otur= (QT2–4, MAv, KA, MM, XŠ, MN, GUL) / oṭur= (IMb, AHgr, TZ) / volṭur= (DM); Baqa oturdï ‘He sat looking’ (MAv); oturma divīt ‘inkstand’ (MAn ar. مِحْبَرة) | olturuš 1. ‘manner of sitting’ (IN) / oturuš (IN) | otruq ‘confined to one’s quarters’ (MAv, NF); otruq bol= ‘to be confined to one’s quarters’ (MAv, NF) | olduruġ 1. ‘seat’ (QT3 ar. مَقْعَد) / oṭruq (TZmrg ar. مَقْعَد) / oṭraq (TZmrg). olduruġ 2. ‘assembly’ (QT3 ar. مَجْلِس) | otralïq ‘meeting’ (MAv) | olturuš 2. ‘meeting’ / oturuš (MAv) | oturaqlï ‘settled, grave’ (KD) | olturġuč ‘seat, chair, bench’ (CCa) / olṭurqač (AH) / olṭurġač̨ (TZ) | olturt= ‘to seat’ (QT3, QT5, MAv, QA, NF, CCb) / olṭurt= (TZ) / olturut= (QT5) / oldurt= (QT3, KA) / oturt= (MAv, XŠ, KA) | olṭurṭuṭ= ‘to seat’ (AH) | olturġuz= ‘to seat’ (QA, NF, CCb) | olturuš= ‘to sit face to face’ (NF) / olduruš= (KA) / otruš= (QT3–5, MAv). oltur= 2. ‘to ascend the throne’ (QA) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü506-507506-507
1 olur- sitzen, sich setzen, sich niederlassen, Platz nehmen, residieren || oturmak, çökmek, yerleşmek, yer almak, ikamet etmek; herrschen || yönetmek; leben || yaşamak; eingehen (in) || girmek; (m) (Fasten usw.) ausführen, einhalten || (oruç vb.) yerine getirmek; (Hilfsverb) durative Bed. || (yardımcı fiil) süreklilik manasında
olur- ornan- sich niederlassen2 || yerleşmek2
olur- tur- sich aufhalten2 || oturmak2, ikamet etmek2
olur- tur- är- leben3 || yaşamak3
olurgu äv Wohnhaus || ev, müstakil ev
olurgu kemi zum Sitzen geeignetes Schiff || oturmaya uygun gemi
olurgu oron der Ort, wo die (versammelte Gemeinde) sich aufhalten sollte || (toplanan cemaatin) oturması gereken yer
olurgu turgu yer oron Aufenthalts2ort2 || ikamet2gâh2
olurgu yer oron der Platz2 zum Wohnen || oturacak yer2, yaşanacak yer2
olurguluk len p(a)ryan Wohn-Zelle2 || oturma hücresi2
olurguluk oron Sitzplatz || oturma yeri
olurmıš turmıš oronlar Plätze, wo (Buddha) sich aufgehalten2 hat || (Buda’nın) ikamet etmiş olduğu2 yerler
oluru y(a)rl(ı)ka- (auf dem Thron) Platz nehmen || (tahta) oturmakolor- (br) → 1 olur- oltur- sich setzen || oturmak otur- † → 1 olur- -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages23, 105123, 1051PT *ol- ‘sit’ (but frequently *o- in *ol-tur-, *o-tur- id.), PM *ol- ‘obtain’ (< ‘become’): PTM *ō- ‘to become; to make’; PK *ó- ‘come’ (PA *ṑlu)
PTurk. *ol-ur-, *ol(u)-tur- to sit (сидеть): OTurk. oltur- (OUygh.), olur- (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. oltur- (MK), ol- ‘to be’ (At., IM), ‘to become ripe’ (MK, IM, Bulgat); Tur. otur-; Gag. otur-; Az. otur-; Turkm. otur-; Sal. oht(ɨr)-; MTurk. oltur- (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.), (?) ol- ‘to be’ (Pav. C.); Uzb. ụtir-; Uygh. oltur-; Krm. otur-; Tat. utɨr-; Bashk. ultɨr-; Kirgh. otur-; Kaz. otɨr-; KBalk. oltur-; KKalp. otɨr-; Nogh. oltɨr-; Khak. odɨr-; Oyr. otur-; Tv. olur-; Tof. olur-; Chuv. lar-; Yak. olor-; Dolg. olor-.
◊ ЭСТЯ 1, 489-492. EDT 125, 331-332, VEWT 79, TMN 2, 358, Stachowski 192. See also the comments on *bōl- ‘to be, become’. From the forms phonetically looking like *ol- ‘to be, become’ the only actual reflexes of PT *ol- may be Middle Uygh. (At., Tefs., IM - opposed to bar, bir-) and Middle Kypchak (Bulgat, Ettuhf.), cf. ЭСТЯ 2, 186; Chag. ol- may as well be < Oghuz. -
Kurtuluş Öztopçu, Zhoumagaly Abuov, Nasir Kambarov, Youssef Azemoun (1999) Dictionary of the Turkic Languagesto sit
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Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish150-151150-151
olur- (?olor-) ‘to sit’, with various extended meanings. The phonetics of this word are complicated. The Caus. f. olğurt- q.v. suggests that the original form was *olğur-, but there is no other trace of such a word. The only form in Uyğ. and earlier languages is olur-, but this form survives only in NE Tuv. olur- and Yakut olor- Pek. 1819. In Xak. there are two forms oldur- and oltur- which are best explained as very early examples of the Turkish habit of dis-similating -l- to -Ld- (cf. the pronunciation alda for allah in some modern languages). The form oltur- still survives in some modern languages, but in others the -lt- has been assimilated to -tt- (some NE languages), -d- (other NE languages) or -t- (all SW languages and some others). The verb originally meant ‘to sit’, possibly with a distinction of meaning between ‘to sit down on (something Dat.)’ and ‘to be seated on (something Loc.)’. The special application to rulers seems to have been pec. to the early period. Another shade of meaning is (of nomads) ‘to settle down, reside’ (in a particular place); in some languages only of temporary settlement, permanent settlement being described by yat-. In some modern languages used as an Auxiliary Verb, preceded by a Ger. in -p, meaning ‘to do (something) habitually, continuously, or frequently’, but sometimes with a very tenuous meaning. Türkü viii olur- is very common in three distinct meanings; (1) ‘to sit down (for a rest)’ I E 27, II E 22; T 51-2 (udı:-); (2) ‘to take (one’s) seat on the throne’ xağan olurtım ‘I took my seat as xağan’ I S 9, II N 7; a.o. I S 8, II N 6 (1 é:l); (3) ‘to settle down, take up residence’ (temporarily, in a particular place Loc.) altu:n yışda: olurıŋ ‘settle down (for a time) in the Altay mountains’ T 31; olurıŋ téyen tédi ‘he said, “stay where you are”’, T 34; o.o. I S 4, etc.: viii ff. a (bird) çıntan ığaç üze: olu:ru:pan ‘perching on a sandal-wood tree’ IrkB 4; xan olu:rupan ‘a Xan, taking his seat on the throne’ (built himself a capital) do. 28; (a pail) küneşke: olu:rur ‘is sitting in the sunlight’ do. 57; (a crane) uça: uma:tı:n olu:rur ‘sits still, because it cannot fly’ do. 61: Man. (the king) altunluğ örgin üze olurdı ‘took his seat on the golden throne’ TT II 8, 68; similar phr. do. 74; baçak olurup ‘while sitting fasting’ Chuas. 257; similar phr. do. 273, 281: Uyğ. viii yüz yıl oluru:p ‘sitting on the throne for a hundred years’ Şu. N 3; o.o. do. N 2, 4; W. 3; E 10: viii ff. Man.-A men anta olurayın ‘I will sit there’ M I 33, 5; a.o. do. 34, 9: Man. M II 11, 12-13 (tültür-): Bud. Sanskrit sthito nisanno ‘standing or sitting’ turup olorop TT VIII B.16 (Sanskrit lost) birge:rü yığılıp olororla:r e:rdi ‘they gathered together and sat down’ do. C.12; (of a monk) olurdaçı ‘residing’ (in a monastery) Hüen-ts. 1767; o.o. U II 26, 6 (ilinçü:re:-); PP 65, 1; 71, 2; TT V 8, 64; 12, 128; U III 28, 13: Civ. olurur ev ‘the house where I reside’ USp. 55, 24; a.o. TT I 120 (yurt): xiv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. tso ‘to sit’ (Giles 11,756) olur- Ligeti 187; R I 1087: Xak. xi ol er olturdı: ‘that man (etc.) sat down’ (calasa) Kaş. I 224 (prov.; olturur, olturma:k); munda: kalıp olturu: baqā ‘indanā cālis ‘he remained residing with us’ I 219, 25; kemi: içre: oldurup rakibnā’l-safīna ‘we sat in a boat’ III 235, 11: KB ‘to sit’ is consistently spelt oldur- 420, 577, 620-2, 765, 956, 5971, etc.: xiii(?) Tef. oltur-/otur- ‘to sit, to remain stationary’ 237, 240: xiv Muh.(?) qa‘ada ‘to sit’ oltur- Rif. 114 (only); al-qu‘ūd olturmak 124: Çağ. xv ff. oltur-(-dı) otur- Vel. 117; oltur- (‘with back vowels’) nişastan ‘to sit’ San. 82v. 12: Xwar. xiii oltur-/otur- ‘Ali 7, 12: xiii(?) yalğuz olturur- (or -d-?) erdi ‘she was sitting alone’ Oğ. 56; a.o.o.: xiv oltur-/otur- Qutb 116, 120; MN 88, etc.; taxt üze olturup ‘sitting on the throne’ Nahc. 204, 9; bizniŋ olturğu yerlerimiz ‘the places where we reside’ do. 304, 14: Kom. xiv ‘to sit’ oltur- CCI, CCG; Gr.: Kıp. xiii qa‘ada oltur- Hou. 35, 9: xiv ditto İd. 21; qa‘ada wa calasa oltur- Bul. 71, 5: xv qa‘ada oltur- Kav. (7, 1 and 5); 30, 10; 75, 2; oltur-/otur- Tuh. 29b. 11: Osm. xiv ff. otur- (only in phr.) is noted in several texts TTS I 553; II 739; IV 615. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen361361
oltur / olur uig. mtü. AH. čag. usw. oltur ‘sitzen, sich setzen’, bar. oltyr, uig. olur, olor, soj. olur, jak. olor, čuv. lar, oir. tel. šor. ottur, osm. krm. az. kzk. otur ‘sitzen, sich setzen, wohnen’, sag. odur, kaz. utyr, leb. tuba. očar, tub. očor id.; küär. oltuj, soj. olyt ‘sitzen’; sag. olat, olyt ‘eine Stelle, wo man sich hinsetzen kann’; soj. kkir. olut ‘Stuhl, Sessel, Tisch’, ‘Hochebene, Terrasse’; šor. olarčyk ‘Bank’; jak. oloχ, olor, olboχ ‘сидение’; uig. (Gab.) ol-γur-t ‘ansiedeln’
< *olu-tur ‘seiend bleiben’
