𐰾𐰯-
sap-
Meaning:
to thread (a needle), to graft; to repair (something broken)
sap- denotes joining or putting things together and, more specifically, repairing something broken by joining its parts. In Irk Bitig 48 the manuscript has a front-vocalic spelling traditionally read säpär, but Erdal, Tekin and the edition of Yıldırım–Aydın–Alimov correct this to sapar: sınukıŋın sapar män, üzükiŋin ulayur män “I repair your broken parts; I join your torn parts”.
Kaşgari attests sap- both for threading a needle and for joining or mending, for example a bird's damaged wing. Old Uyghur usage further includes repairing and restoring, joining or constructing, arranging things in a sequence, and transmitting a tradition. These meanings are probably developments of a broader sense “to join, attach, put together”; the same semantic combination of threading, grafting and joining survives in modern Turkmen sapmak.
The verb is to be distinguished from sep- “to equip, fit out” and the later sep- “to scatter, sprinkle”.
Antonyms:
Examples
Translations
German:
einen Faden (in eine Nadel) einfädeln, veredeln; (etwas Kaputtes) reparieren
Russian:
продевать (нитку в иглу), прививать; ремонтировать (что-либо сломанное)
Turkish (Türkiye):
(iğneye) iplik geçirmek, aşılamak; (kırık bir şeyi) onarmak
Bibliography 2
-
Marcel Erdal (1977) Irk Bitig üzerine yeni notlar106106Metindeki säpär yerine beklenilen şekil sapar'dır. Uygur yazısıyla yazıldıklarında bu iki sözcük ayırt edilemez; bu da belki Irk Bitig'in önce Uygur harfleriyle yazıldığına işarettir.
-
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish784784
sap-, sep- Preliminary note. There is great confusion about V.s of these two forms. The only certain form in Türkü is sep- ‘to repair (something broken)’, and the only certain form in Uyğ. sap- ‘to instil, graft’, and the like, although ‘to equip, fit out’ was almost certainly sep-. Kaş. lists only sap- and translates it (1) ‘to thread (a needle)’; (2) ‘to repair (something broken)’, but distinguishes between saptur- ‘to order to repair’ and septür- ‘to order to provide a dowry’, obviously a Caus. f. of sep- which is homophonous w. sep ‘a dowry’. On this basis therefore it looks as if the Türkü word was mis-spelt and Kaş.’s two meanings go back to some common origin. Sap- ‘to thread (a needle), to inoculate, graft’ survives in SE Türki: perhaps NW Kaz. R IV 401: and SW Tkm.; sep- ‘to equip’ is not noted again. In the medieval period two apparently new V.s appeared, sap- ‘to go astray, deviate’, and the like, which is noted in xix NC Kzx. and NW Kaz. in R IV 402 and survives in SW Osm., and sep- ‘to scatter (solid matter, e.g. seed), to sow; to sprinkle (liquids), to irrigate’, which is practically syn. w. saç- and s.i.a.m.l.g. (in SW serp-). sap- ‘to thread (a needle), to graft, inoculate (lit. or metaph.); to repair (something broken)’. See above. Türkü viii ff. sınukı:ŋı:n seper-men (sic) ‘I repair your broken things’ IrkB 48 (and see ula:-): Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. (How are you worthy to be called) kalınçu burxan şasının ur[taçı?] saptaçı ‘one who grafts in(?) the surviving discipline (Sanskrit śāsana) of the Buddha?’ Hüen-ts. 306-7; antağ yok erdi köğüzinte sukmayuk köŋülinte sapmayuk ‘thus he was not one who refused to take (the teaching) to his bosom or graft it(?) into his mind’ do. 1927-8: Xak. xi yi:çi: yiğne: sapdı: ‘the tailor threaded (daxxala . . . al-silk fī) the needle’; and one says ol kuş kanatın sapdı: ‘he joined up (i.e. mended, waṣala) the bird’s wing’; also used of anything defective(?) when one pulls it together and joins it up (taqāṣara ‘an cinsihi fa-carrahu wa waṣalahu) Kaş. II 3 (sapa:r, sapma:k): KB 1858 (buzuk): xiv awṣala sa:ptı: Mel. 20, 1; Rif. 99 (sap-): (Kom. xiv ‘to stand aside (for someone)’ sap- CCG; Gr.: Kıp. xiv şaptı: (-b-) nakaba ‘ani’l-ṭarīq ‘to go astray from the road’ İd. 56). sep- ‘to equip, fit out’, and the like. See above, and septür-. (Türkü viii ff. see sap-): Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. (the old man agreed and became the Prince’s guide. Then) kaŋı xan téginke septi ‘his father the King equipped the Prince’ (and gave him the food, water, transport animals, and everything else required by the 500 men) PP 28, 1-2: (xiv Muh. raşşa’l-mā’ ‘to sprinkle water’ su: sep- Mel. 26, 11; ditto wa nafaḍa’l-ṯawb ‘to shake the dust off a garment’ sep- Rif. 109: Çağ. xv ff. sép- (-ti) sep- ‘to sprinkle’, that is to sprinkle water or something else Vel. 284; sép- (‘with -p-’) afşurdan ‘to sprinkle’ San. 249v. 4 (quotns.): Kıp. xiv sep- (‘with -p-’) raşşa qalīla(n) (‘lightly’) İd. 51: xv raşşa sep- Tuh. 17a. 11: Osm. xiv ff. sep- ‘to sprinkle’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 614; II 810; III 613; IV 677).
