𐰾𐰢𐰃𐰔
sämiz
Meaning:
fat (mostly about an animal)
The relationship between sämiz and sämri- involves the Turkic ŕ/z alternation. Erdal (2004) favors the adjective as the base of the verb, while acknowledging unresolved questions in its historical analysis.
Examples
Translations
German:
dick, fett (meist in Bezug auf ein Tier)
Russian:
жирный, тучный; упитанный, сытый (о животном)
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
səmiz, kök, artıq çəkili (daha çox heyvanlar haqqında)
Turkish (Türkiye):
semiz, şişman
Bibliography 15
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SIL International (2023) Turkmen-English Dictionary (Türkmençe-Iňlisçe Sözlük)307a307a
semiz adj fat, thick; semiz goýun fat sheep -
Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkic284b–285a284b–285a
sämiz ‘well-fed, fat’ (QT5, IM, MAn, QAb, CCa, AH-qip, KT, TZ, DM, GUL) / semiz (GUL) / sämüz (QT1, QT3–5, KA, QA, NF, AH) | sämüzlük ‘fatness’ (QT2) | sämri= ‘to grow fat’ (GUL, AH, BV) / sämiri= (TZ) / sämir= (CCb) / sämür= (IM) | sämrit= ‘to fatten’ (QT3, QT5, MAv, QAt) / sämrüt= (QT4, MAv) / sämirt= (QT2) / sämürt= (QAc) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü597b597b
¹sämiz ~ s(ä)miz fett, dick, wohlgenährt || şişman, semiz, iyi beslenmiş
s(ä)miz (a)t (r) ein wohlgenährtes Pferd || iyi beslenmiş bir at
sämiz öŋlüg yaglıg küčlüg köp bädük dick, farbig, ölig glänzend, kräftig, zahlreich und groß || semiz, renkli, yağlı parlak, güçlü, pek çok ve büyük -
Международная Тюркская Академия (2016) Древнетюркский словарь525b525b
SEMIZ жирный, тучный; упитанный, сытый (о животном): turuq buqalï sẹmiz bu-qalï arqada bilsär если [будущий хан] вообще знает, [что у него есть и] тощие быки, и жирные быки (Тон5); sẹmiz at aɣzï qatïɣ boldï рот жирной лошади стал твердым (ThS II100); sẹmiz todsa artuq bolur bu javuz если жирная [лошадь] насытится, то это будет очень плохо (QBH 10226). -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic84, complete continuous opening argument in §2.3684, complete continuous opening argument in §2.36
Sitting astride on the synchrony / diachrony distinction on the one hand and the word formation / morphology distinction on the other is an irregular and badly understood alternation between /r/ and /z/. In morphology we find /z/ in the suffix of the negated aorist, where the positive aorist has /r/: -r (a variant of the suffix appearing after vowels) vs. -mA-z. Other instances of the alternation fall more into the domain of etymology. The cases of +sXz, the privative suffix vs. the formative +sIrA- derived from it, sämiz ‘corpulent’ vs. sämri- ‘to be or become corpulent’, sekiz ‘sharp-witted’ vs. sekri- ‘to jump, hop’, sa:z ‘pale’ vs. sarïg ‘yellow’ (< *sa:rï-g) replacing it, yultuz ‘star’ vs. yultrï- ‘to gleam or shimmer’, Ottoman yaldïz vs. Old Turkic yaltrï- ‘to glimmer’, töz ‘root, origin, element’ vs. törö- ‘to come into existence’ and yavïz ‘bad’ vs. yavrï- ‘to be or become weak’ may all be explained by the fact that the /z/ appears at the end of its stem while /r/ is followed by a vowel; all these instances are discussed in the OTWF. One might want to decide that the /r/ is primary and the /z/ secondary by making the coda position responsible or one could see it the other way around, considering the /r/ to be caused by the presence of a vowel after it. -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages1228–12291228–1229
*sĕme (-a) fat: Tung. *semesik; Mong. *semǯi; Turk. *semiŕ; Kor. *sam. PTung. *semesik inner fat (нутряной жир, сальник): Evk. semesik; Evn. hemehъk; Neg. semesix; Man. semsu. ◊ ТМС 2, 142. PMong. *semǯi inner fat, fat on liver (внутренний жир, жир на печени): MMong. simeǯi (MA 320); WMong. semǯi (L 687: semeǯe, semeǯi(n)); Kh. semǯ; Bur. hemže; Kalm. semǯn̥; Ord. semeǯi(n). ◊ KW 323. Mong. > Man. semeǯen, see Rozycki 178 (but not > semsu, TM *semesik). PTurk. *semiŕ 1 fat (adj.) 2 fat (n.) 3 fatten (1 жирный 2 жир 3 жирнеть, тучнеть): OTurk. semiz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. semiz (MK) 1; Tur. semiz 1; Az. sämiz- 3; Turkm. semiz 1; Sal. semüs 2; MTurk. semiz 1 (Pav. C.); Uzb. semiz 1; Uygh. semiz 1; Krm. semiz 1; Tat. simɨz 1; Bashk. himiz 1; Kirgh. semiz 1; Kaz. semiz; KBalk. semiz 1, 2; KKalp. semiz 1; Kum. semiz 1, 2; Nogh. semiz 1; SUygh. semiz 1; Khak. simis 1; Oyr. semis 1; Tv. semis 1; Tof. semis 1; Chuv. samъr 1; Yak. emis 1; Dolg. emis 1. ◊ EDT 830, VEWT 409, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 45. A common Turkic derivative is *semri- / *semir- ‘to become fat’, see EDT ibid., ЭСТЯ 7. PKor. *sam placenta, caul (плацента, оболочка плода): Mod. sam. ◊ KED 901. ‖ EAS 71, KW 323, Poppe 29, Дыбо 14. It is interesting to note OJ same-nuri ‘a way of applying varnish’ (if same- here is not = sama- ‘to fade’). Despite Poppe 1974, 120, *-ǯi in Mong. is a quite common suffix (see Poppe 1973, 234) and the Mong. form can hardly be regarded as borrowed < Turkic (Clark 1980, 39 says that the case “defies explana- tion” (as a borrowing); likewise, the TM forms are difficult to explain as borrowed < Mong. -
Talat Tekin (1994) Tunyukuk Yazıtı65, complete glossary entry65, complete glossary entry
sämiz semiz
s. bu:ka 6
toruk bu:kalı s. bu:kalı 5 -
Talat Tekin (1993) Book of Omens62, complete glossary entry62, complete glossary entry
s(ä)miz fat
s. at agzı 65 -
Marcel Erdal (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation323–324, continuous etymological argument in §3.111323–324, continuous etymological argument in §3.111
An obscure relationship exists between nominals ending /z/ and verb stems with /r/ in their last syllable. It can perhaps be described as the loss of this /r/ under derivation of nominal from verb: kutuz ‘a mad dog’ < *kutur-(u)z, ärgüz < *är-gür-(ü)z, munduz < *mun-dur-(u)z and perhaps adız < *adır-(ı)z; yavız ‘bad’ < *yavrı-z, sämiz ‘fat (adj., of an animal)’ < *sämri-z.
While the first four instances remind us of the derivation of -(U)t forms from °r-bases, the last two can also be described the other way around: sämri- can be a rhotacistic derivate from sämiz, and so forth, using the formative +I- (q.v. below): The existence of +I- has to be assumed for yut+ı-, for instance. Where the first syllables of verb and °z form are rounded, the verb’s shape is more revealing. In one case, this shape speaks for the second account: yultuz ‘star’ > yultrı- ‘to gleam’ in the DLT and subsequently, and not *yultrı-z > yultuz. Parallel to this, the relationship between üküş and ükli- can only be *ük(ü)ş+ı- > ükli- and not ‘*ükli-ş > üküş’; the latter form is nowhere attested. On the other hand, töz ‘root, origin, element’ probably comes over *törü-z from törü- ‘to come into existence’. We come to need two different explanations; one for the first four verbs mentioned above and for töz, an other one for the rest: It seems quite unlikely that sämiz and yavız belong to the -(X)z formation; these must be the bases of sämri- and yavrı- respectively, not their derivates. In any case, the matter will not get completely clarified before Turkic rhotacism is exhaustively described. -
Л. В. Дмитриева (1981) Язык барабинских татар: Материалы и исследования181
сӓмис жирный, V, VI. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish830b830b
semiz ‘fat’; etymologically connected w. semri:-, q.v. S.i.a.m.l.g. Türkü viii T 5 (ıra:k): viii ff. IrkB 65 (ağız): Uyğ. viii ff. Man. (the trees and shrubs all become) semiz ‘fat’ (full of colour and sap . . .) Wind. 19: Xak. xi semiz ‘fat’ (al-samīn; of any animal) this word agrees with (wāfaqat) Ar., except that they have changed the -n to -z; this is permissible (cāyiz) in their language; they call ‘thou’ sen and ‘you’ siz, changing the -n to -z Kaş. I 365; a.o. I 285, 13: KB (this body is prone to evil) semiz tutsa ‘if it puts on fat’ (it becomes more evil) 3599: xiv Muh. al-samīn (opposite to ‘lean’ aruk) semiz/semi:z Mel. 48, 12; 65, 12; Rif. 152, 164: Çağ. xv ff. semiz (spelt) farbih wa ṯamīn ‘fat’ and ‘precious’ (?error for samīn); also spelt sémiz San. 234v. 3; sémiz farbih 256r. 12: Kom. ‘fat’ semiz CCI; Gr.: Kıp. xiii al-samīn (opposite to ‘lean’ aruk) semiz Hou. 27, 18: xiv Tkm. semüz al-samīn; Kıp. semiz ditto Id. 53: xv asman ‘fatter’ semiz Kav. 24, 10; samīn semiz Tuh. 18b. 3. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen409b409b
*sämi: 1) mtü. AH. säm-r-i ’fett werden’, IM. čag. usw. sämir id., ’dick werden’, kzk. usw. semir, kaz. simər, hak. simĭr, leb. säbir; 2) uig. mtü. MA. usw. sämi-z ’fett’, AH. sämüz, blk. usw. semiz, kaz. siməz, hak. simĭs, jak. ämis ’жирный’ (> mo. Poppe 29 seme-ǯi ’inneres Fett, Bauchfett’, burj. hemže), čuv. samə̑r ’dick, fett’; Fakt. uig. säm-r-it, osm. sämi-rt ’mästen’
~ tung. se͔me̯sik ’Bauchfleisch mit Fett’, ma. semsu ’Bauchfett’ -
В. Г. Егоров (1964) Этимологический словарь чувашского языкасамăр, complete own etymological article
самăр «тучный», «жирный», «полный», «упитанный», «толстый»; МК семиз, АФТ еӓмиз, узб., уйг., азерб., туркм., тур., кумык., кирг., казах. семиз, тат. cимез, башк. hинез, тув. семис, хак. симис то же; чув. самăрăл, самăрлансемри, семи(р), туркм. семре, тат. симер, башк. hимер «жиреть», «тучнеть», «полнеть»; чув. самăрт, МК семрит, тефс. XII—XIII Вв., уйг., казах., ойр. семирт «откармливать». -
Zsuzsa Kakuk (1962) Un vocabulaire salar189b189b
sems «gras» (Pot. semiz) -
К. З. Ахмеров; Т. Г. Баишев; А. М. Бикмурзин; У. М. Каюмова; Б. С. Саяргалеев; Р. Н. Терегулова (1958) Башкирско-русский словарь627627
һимеҙ жирный, полный, тучный; алма һигеҙҙе, ал һимеҙҙе погов. не бери много (букв. восемь), бери жирное.
