𐱃𐰯-
tap-
Meaning:
to serve, honor; to worship
The verb covers both service to a human ruler and religious worship. In many later Turkic languages, the religious sense survives only in an extended stem such as tapın-.
Examples
Translations
German:
dienen, ehren; anbeten
Russian:
служить, почитать; поклоняться
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
xidmət etmək, ehtiram göstərmək; tapınmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
hizmet etmek, saygı göstermek; tapmak
Bibliography 3
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 316b–317app. 316b–317a
tap= 3. ‘to worship’ (QT1, XŠ) / dap= (QY); Yoq tapġuluq iḏi mägär ol ‘There is no lord worthy of service but He’ (QT1) | tapuġ 2. ‘service, worship’ (QT1–3, QA, MM, NF, XŠ, MN, LN, QY) / ṭapuġ (FZ) / tabuẖ (CCb) / tapu (QT5, QY) / ṭapu (GUL, AH, BM, KT, TZ) / tapuq (LN); Tapuġïnda turur ärdilär ‘They stood in attendance upon him’ (QA); tapquñda ‘in your service’ (LN); ṭapu ät= ‘to serve, worship’ (KT, BM); ṭapu äylä= ‘to serve, worship’ (TZ); tapuġ qïl= ‘to serve, worship’ (IM) / tapu qïl= (QY) / ṭapu qïl= (AH). tapuġ 3. ‘sign of respect’ (QT2, QA); Tapuġlar ʿaṭālar eltü bärürlär ‘They send their regards and presents’ (QT2); salām tapuġ ïḏ= ‘to send greetings and regards’ (QA) | tapuġčï ‘servant’ (QT1–2, MAn, QA, XŠ, GUL) / ṭapučï (AH, DM) / tapuqčï (QT2) | ṭapula= ‘to serve’ (QK) | tapuġsaq ‘devout’ (QT2, QT5, QA) | tapuq ‘servant’ (IMa 122v7, IMb 52/6 ar. عَبْد) | tapïn= ‘to worship’ (QT2–3, QY) / tabïn= ‘to worship’ (IM) / tapun= (QT1–4, MA, NF, XŠ) / tabun= (CCb) | tapunġučï ‘worshipper’ (QT4); butġa tapunġučï ‘idolator’ (QT2) | tapunġu 1. ‘idol’ (QT1–3 ar. طاغوت, QT5). tapunġu 2. ‘God’ (QT3–4) | tapunč ‘worship’ (SQ) | tapïnaġu ‘sacrifice’ / tafnaġu (QT3) -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 1403–1404pp. 1403–1404
-t῾áp῾à to worship: Tung. *tap-; Mong. *taji-; Turk. *tap-; Jpn. *tápútuá-.
PTung. *tap- to encourage, advise (поощрять, советовать): Man. ta-fula-; SMan. tavələ- ‘to soothe, to console, to comfort’ (1506). ◊ ТМС 2, 172.
PMong. *taji- to sacrifice (приносить жертву): WMong. taji- (L 767); Kh. taj-; tavig ‘sacrifice’; Bur. taj-; Kalm. tǟ-; Ord. tawik ‘sacrifice’. ◊ KW 388, MGCD 620. Mong. taji- > Oyr. tai- etc.
PTurk. *tap- to serve, worship (поклоняться): OTurk. tap- (OUygh.); Karakh. tap- (MK, KB); Tur. tap-ɨn-; Az. tapɨn-; Turkm. tap-; MTurk. tap- (Sangl., Pav. C.); Uzb. tɔp-in-; Uygh. tev-in-; Krm. tabɨn-; Tat. tabɨn-; Bashk. tabɨn-; Kirgh. tabɨn-; Kaz. tabɨn-; KBalk. tabɨn-; KKalp. tabɨn-; Nogh. tabɨn-; Yak. tap-tā- ‘to love, like’; Dolg. tap-tā- ‘to love, like’. ◊ VEWT 462, EDT 435, Stachowski 217.
PJpn. *tápútuá- to honour, revere (почитать, ценить): OJpn. taput-wob-; MJpn. táfútób-; Tok. tattób-, tōtób-; Kyo. táttób-; Kag. tattób-. ◊ JLTT 765.
‖ KW 388, Владимирцов 271, Poppe 13, 42, 47, Дыбо 15 (the root is frequently confused with *t῾ébo q.v.). Mong. is hardly < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 153 and, despite Doerfer’s (TMN 2, 433) attempts at criticism. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 435a–bp. 435a–b
1 tap- ‘to serve’, in the sense both of serving a human master, and serving God, i.e. worshipping. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. tap- ‘to worship’. Türkü VIII ff. Man. TT II 10, 79 (ağırla:-): Uyğ. IX (my sons, grow up like my teacher and) xanka: tap ‘serve the Xan’ Suci 9: VIII ff. Civ. ündedeçi til ağız tapğay ‘the vociferous tongue and mouth will serve’ (sic?) TT I 108: O. Kir. IX ff. xanım elimke: tapdım ‘I served my Xan and my realm’ Mal. 13, 2; o.o. do. 3, etc.; 46, 2: Xak. XI kul teŋrike: tapdi: ‘the servant served (or worshipped, ‘abada’l-‘abd) God’; and one says ol xa:nka: tapdi: ‘he served (xadama) the king’ (etc.) Kaş. II 3 (tapa:r, tapma:k); yalŋuk tapar karınka: ‘man serves (yaxdum) his belly’ III 222, 1: KB tapuğçıka tapsa uçuzluk bolur ‘if a man serves a servant he gets no value for it’ 3750: Çağ. XV ff. tab- (so spelt) parastīdan ‘to worship’; der. fr. tabuk San. 150v. 8: Xwar. XIV tap- ‘to worship’ Qutb 167.
