𐱃𐱁𐰃𐰤
taş
Meaning:
outside, exterior; outer
The vowel is short, in contrast to tāş “stone”. Kashgari writes both words with a long-vowel notation, but their different historical vowel quantities are supported by other Turkic evidence.
Examples
Translations
German:
Außenseite, Äußeres; äußerer
Russian:
наружная сторона, внешняя часть; внешний
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
çöl, xarici tərəf; xarici
Turkish (Türkiye):
dış, dış taraf; dıştaki
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 321b–322a, s.v. taš²pp. 321b–322a, s.v. taš²
taš2 ‘exterior, outside’ (g.) / ṭaš (AH, TZ); Iči tašï qamuġ bir bolur ‘Its inside and outside are identical’ (QT2); taš yorïr ‘Arab bedouin’ (QT3); taš qapuġ ‘front door’ (QA); taš ton ‘mantle’ (QT4–5) / taš tonï (QT4); taš tonïn käygän ‘covered with a mantle’ (QT4); taš yan ‘the outside’ (QT4); ḥaddïn taš boynaġu ‘exceedingly rebellious’ (QT1); Mavla̱ yarlïqïndïn taš ‘in disobedience to the Lord’s command’ (QA); Ol qamuġ luġatlar bu yegirmi toqquz ḥarfdïn taš ermäs ‘None of these languages steps outside these twenty-nine letters’ (QA); tašqa čïq= ‘to go outside’ (QAb,t); tašdaqïlar ‘those outside’ (QA) | taštïn ‘(from) outside’ (QT5, CCa estra) / tašdïn (XŠ); ešitip taštïn ünin ‘hearing his voice from outside’ (XŠ); Eldä tašdïn ‘outside of the city’ (XŠ) | tašra 1. ‘out’ [dir.] (QT2–3, XŠ, QY); tašra toqï= ‘to blame, reproach’ (QT3); Tašra toqïmaq yoq silär üzä ‘No reproach shall be on you’ (QT3); tašra yïq= ‘to reproach’ (QT3); tašra yïqïlmïš ‘reproached’ (QT3 ar. م َ لُ و م ); ḥaddïn tašra ‘exceedingly’ (QT2). tašra 2. ‘outside’ [loc.] (NF) [SAN-Rūmī 261r13 ṭašra] | tašqaru 1. ‘out’ [dir.] (QT2, QAt, NF, GUL, QY, IrM) / tašqarï (QA, GUL, CCa) / tašġaru (KA, QAb, IrM) / tašqar (QA) / tašqara (GUL) / ṭašqara (AH) / tïšqaru (XŠ, MuG) / tïšaru (QY); tašqaru/ṭašqara/tïšqara čïq= ‘to go outside’ (GUL/AH/XŠ); tašqarï sal= ‘to throw up’ (QA). tašqaru 2. ‘outside’ [loc.] (QAb,t, ON) / tašqarï (CC) / ṭašqarï (TZ); tašqarï qal= ‘to remain outside’ (QA) | … tašïnda ‘outside of …’ (QT2) [use in postpositional expressions is rare]; ol ulus tašïnda ‘outside of that village’ (QT2) | tašlïq2 ‘outward appearance’ (IMa ar. ظ ِ ه ا ر َ ة ) / ṭašlïġ (IMb) | ṭašlïq3 ‘toilet’ (IMa ar. اِ س تِنْ ج ا ء ) | ṭašġuq ‘exterior of a thing’ (IM ar. خ ا ر ِ ج ُ ا ل ش ي َْ ء ) | tašla=2 ‘to send out’ (QA); Yazïġa tašlalïñ ‘Let us send (the camel) out into the wilderness’(QA)|ṭašlaš=2‘toturnaway’(IMa 88v2 ar. تَ رَ ف َّ ع َ ) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüpp. 680b–681a, s.v. 2 tašpp. 680b–681a, s.v. 2 taš
2 taš außen, äußere(r, -s), außerhalb der (buddh. Lehre) stehend || dış, dışarı, dışarıda, (Budist öğretinin) dışında; fremd, zum äußeren Personenkreis gehörig || yabancı, dış mahfile ait; heterodox || heterodoks, kabul edilmiş din kurallarına aykırı; nicht-buddh. || Budist olmayan; freigebig, großzügig || eli açık, cömert, müsrif; zügellos || azgın; verschieden, separat || farklı, ayrı; das Äußere || dışarı taš azag nomlug Häretiker || sapkın, mülhit taš azag nomlug tirtelar außerhalb (der buddh. Lehre) stehende häretische Irrlehrer || (Budist öğretinin) dışındaki doğru inançtan sapmış yanlış öğretmenler taš äŋäyü verschieden2, separat2 || farklı2, ayrı2 taš bitiglär heterodoxe Schriften (d. h. Schriften, die zu anderen Religionen gehören) || yabancı kitaplar (yani, diğer dinlere ait olan eserler) taš boš ganz und gar || katiyen, bütünüyle taš ič eltäki in den äußeren und inneren Provinzen (des Reiches) befindlich || (ülkenin) iç ve dış vilayetindeki taš kapıg Außentür || dış kapı taš kas äußere Rinde || dış kabuk taš kıl- beiseite lassen || bir tarafa bırakmak taš nomlug bitliglär häretische Schriften || doğru inançtan sapmış yazılar taš öŋür äußerer Rockaufschlag, äußeres Revers || dış klapa taš suksu der häretische Daoismus || sapkın Taoizm taš tapıg äußeres Opfer || dış kurban taš t(ä)gil bol- verloren2 gehen || kaybolup2 gitmek taš topık äußerer Knöchel || dış ayak bileği taš törö das Äußere Gesetz (d. h. nichtbuddh. Gesetz) || dış töre (yani, Budizm’e ait olmayan töre) taš tur- sich außerhalb von … aufhalten || … -nın dışında oturmak tašta oytur- in Stein meißeln lassen || taşa oydurmak -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 1352–1353, s.v. *tắĺbà (containing PTurk. *daĺ)pp. 1352–1353, s.v. *tắĺbà (containing PTurk. *daĺ)
*tắĺbà other side, outer side: Tung. *dalba; Turk. *daĺ; Jpn. *dósə; Kor. *tàră-. PTung. *dalba 1 side 2 near (1 сторона 2 близко): Evn. dalbъ 2; Man. dalba 1; SMan. daləfə, daləvə (2570); Jurch. dalba-la (605) 1. ◊ ТМС 1, 193. PTurk. *daĺ outer side (наружный, снаружи): OTurk. taš (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. taš (MK, KB); Tur. dɨš; Gag. dɨšar; Az. dɨšarɨ; Turkm. daš; Sal. dašɨ (Kakuk); Khal. taš; MTurk. taš (Abush., Sangl.); Uzb. tɔš; Uygh. taš; Krm. tɨš; Tat. tɨš; Bashk. tɨš; Kirgh. tɨš; Kaz. tɨs; KBalk. tɨš; KKalp. tɨs; Kum. tɨš; Nogh. tɨs; SUygh. tas; Khak. tas; Shr. taštɨ ‘exterior side’; Oyr. tɨš; Tv. tɨš; Chuv. tol; Yak. tas; Dolg. tas. ◊ VEWT 466, EDT 556-557, TMN 2, 511, ЭСТЯ 3, 164-167, Ашм. XIV, 115, Федотов 2, 243-244, Stachowski 218. -ɨ- in some languages is not quite clear. PJpn. *dósə other side (внешняя сторона, другая сторона): OJpn. joso; MJpn. joso; Tok. yosó; Kyo. yósò; Kag. yóso. ◊ JLTT 578. PKor. *tàrằ- other (другой): MKor. tàrằ-; Mod. tarɨ-. ◊ Nam 129, KED 382. ‖ АПиПЯЯ 76. Jpn. has *-ə- instead of *-a- because of bad compatibility of *a and *ə in PJ. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 556b–557a, preliminary note taş/ta:ş and s.v. 1 taşpp. 556b–557a, preliminary note taş/ta:ş and s.v. 1 taş
taş/ta:ş Preliminary note. Although Kaş. spells both ‘outside’ and ‘stone’ ta:ş, ‘outside’ is tas in Yakut. Pek. 2589 and daş in Tkm. and ‘stone’ is ta:s do. 2590 and da:ş respectively. It is clear that this represents a real difference in the original pronunciations of the two words, cf. 1 baş/2 ba:ş. The difference is further reflected in the facts that in SC Uzb. ‘outside’ is taş and ‘stone’ toş, that ‘outside’ in some NE and NW languages is tış/tıs and in modern Osm. dış while ‘stone’ is everywhere taş/tas/daş, and that in Çuv. ‘outside’ is tul and ‘stone’ çul, in Mong. çila’un (Haenisch 27). 1 taş (?d-) normally an Adj. or Adv. ‘outside’, sometimes a N., ‘the exterior, or outside (of something); something which is outside, courtyard, foreign country’, and the like; the exact antithesis of iç. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in NE Tuv. daş; SW Tkm. daş; Osm. until about xvi daş/taş more recently dış. Türkü viii (I had the tomb decorated) içi:n taşı:n (sic) ‘inside and out’ I S 12, II N 14: Uyğ. viii içre: ben bulğayı:n temiş taşdındın (sic) [gap] ‘he said “I will cause disturbances at home, and abroad . . .”’; . . . taşdındın ‘abroad’ Şu. S 4: viii ff. Man.-A (your lust) kim taştan (sic) aşka içgüke katlap erür ‘which is mixed with your food and drink from outside’ M I 16, 5–6: Man. taştın sıŋar alkatmış ‘which is praised in foreign countries’ TT IX 90 (taştın here seems to be not the Abl. but an Adv. with the suffix -tın, cf. -dun/-dün/-tun/-tün); içtin sıŋar . . . taştın sıŋar M III 40, 5–7 (i); 43, 15–17: Bud. içtin sıŋar . . . taştın sıŋar ‘at home . . . abroad’ U II 80, 66; taştınkı/taştın sıŋarkı ‘external, coming from outside’ (of thoughts, etc.) TT VI 187 ff.; (I went for a ride) taştın ‘outside the city’ PP 5, 4; kapığnıŋ taşında ‘outside the gate’ TT VII 16, 3; a.o.o.: Civ. taş ‘external’ is common in TT VII; taşıŋa keğde yörgep ‘wrapping paper on the outside’ H I 150; a.o. do. 178 (salkım): O. Kır. ix ff. Mal. 45, 4 (é:lle:-): Xak. xi ta:ş to:n ẓaharatu’l-tawb ‘the outside of a garment’; ta:ş ye:r al-faḍāʾ mina’l-arḍ wa’l-ğurba ‘a court-yard, a foreign country’ Kaş. III 152; yılkı: ala:sı: taştı:n ‘an animal’s blotches are on the outside of its body’ (xāric badanihi) I 91, 25; er taştın bardı: ‘the man went out’ (xārica(n)) I 435 (a main entry indicating that Kaş. regarded this as an Adv. not an Abl.); a.o. II 74 (katur-): KB ay iç taş biligli ‘O (God) that knowest the inside and outside (of a man)’ 11; élig kılmağay kör seni özde taş ‘the king will not send you away from him’ 3823; (do not say) köni sözde taştın ‘anything other than the truth’ 6622; o.o. 863, 2213: xiii(?) At. bu ajun me körmekke körklüğ taşı ‘the outside of this world looks beautiful’ 217; o.o. 219, 384; Tef. taş ‘the outside’ 290: Çağ. xv ff. taş taşra ‘outside’ Vel. 170 (quotn.); taş (2) ẓāhir wa bīrūn ‘outside, exterior’ (quotn.); (3) dūr wa baʿīd ‘distant’ San. 157r. 4; daş the same as taş ditto 223v. 26: Xwar. xiv taş ‘the exterior; taştın ‘outside’ Qutb 173: Kom. xiv ‘outside’ taştın CCI; Gr.: Kıp. xiv taş al-xāric İd. 63: xv ẓāhir taş Tuh. 24a. 12: Osm. xiv to xvi daş usually spelt taş ‘the outside’; very common, esp. in the phr. iç . . . taş TTS I 683; II 884; III 673; IV 744. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 466a, s.v. taš, tyšp. 466a, s.v. taš, tyš
taš (< *taĺ), tyš: uig. mtü. čag. usw. taš ’Aussenseite’, hak. sag. tas, blk. krč. kaz. oir. usw. tyš ’das Äussere’, kzk. tys, trkm. dašy ’наружность’, osm. dyš, čag. osm. daš, čuv. tol, tut̆; atü. taš-yk ’ausgehen’, jak. taχsā id., čuv. to(l)χ, tu(l)χ id.; *tyš-yk > gtü. čyk; jak. tasyrǯa, taγyrǯa ’вне’
