𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰣
togan
Meaning:
falcon
A hunting falcon is already attested in the Irk Bitig. The historical name is broader than a securely identifiable modern species: Clauson distinguishes the generic use from a later Ottoman lanner interpretation. Derivation from tog- ‘to rise’ with -(ğ)an has been proposed in the literature. The same-looking barrier noun is separate.
Expressions:
Word family
In modern languages (6 / 22)
Select a region to see the cognate.
| Language | Cognate |
|---|---|
| Turkmen | togan* |
| Turkish (Azerbaijan) | doğan (dialectal) |
| Turkish (Türkiye) | doğan |
| Salar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Gagauz | duan |
| Crimean | toğan |
| Uyghur | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Uzbek | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kazakh | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Nogai | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Siberian Tatar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kyrgyz | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Altai | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Alan | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kumyk | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Tatar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Bashkir | toğan |
| Tıva | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Khakas | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Khalaj | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Chuvash | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
* Meaning shifted
Examples
Translations
German:
der Falke
Russian:
сокол
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
şahin
Turkish (Türkiye):
doğan
Bibliography 4
-
Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp.341b, complete entry toġan, including toġanaqp.341b, complete entry toġan, including toġanaq
toġan 1. ‘falcon’ (AH, KD) / ṭoġan (KT, TZ) / čoġan (BM) / čaġan (AH); aq toġan ‘gyrfalcon’ (KD); dälü ṭoġan ‘kite’ (BM ar. حِدْأَة); aṭmača ṭoġan ‘sparrowhawk’ (KT ar. باَشق). toġan 2. ‘crow, raven’ (KD) / ṭoġan (TZ ar. زاغ) | ala toġanaq ‘shrike’ (MAn ar. سُرد) [dimin. of toġan; kzk. taġanaq ‘shrike’] -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp.725a, complete entry ¹toganp.725a, complete entry ¹togan
¹togan ~ tog(a)n Falke || doğan, şahin
togan kuš Falke || doğan, şahin
togan kuš oglı Falkenjunges || doğan yavrusu, şahin yavrusu -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp.470b–471a, complete entry toğanpp.470b–471a, complete entry toğan
toğan (d-) ‘falcon’ of some kind. Survives only(?) in SW Osm. where doğan is a generic term for ‘falcon’ and, acc. to Red., specifically ‘a lanner, Falco lanarius’; it forms part of the names of seven or eight other related birds. It is often used as a P.N. Cf. 1 çavlı: etc. See Doerfer III 1351. Türkü viii ff. ürüŋ esri: toğan ‘a white dappled falcon’ IrkB 4; o.o. do. 43, 44 (titin-), 64 (buymul): O. Kır. ix ff. Külüg Toğan P.N. Mal. 44, 7: Xak. xi KB 2458 (ünlüg): Çağ. xv ff. toğan ‘a kind of bird of prey used in hunting’ (cawārih-i şikārī) also called ötelgü San. 179v. 2 (the latter a l.-w. fr. Mong. itelgü ‘lanner falcon’); toğan same translation, but itelgü; and metaph. şucā‘ xasm-afgan ‘intrepid, overthrowing enemies’; also a P.N. do. 26r. 29: Kip. xiii (under birds) al-cāriḥ minhā muṭlaqa(n) ‘bird of prey’ in general toğa:n Hou. 9, 19; ditto as a P.N. do. 29,5: xiv toğan al-bāzī ‘falcon’ Id. 64; çağan (sic) al-bāzī, also called toğan do. 43; al-bāzī çoğan (sic) and (PU) soğanğuş (unvocalized) . . . al-ḥidā’a ‘a kite’ de:lü: toğa:n Bul. 11, 9–10: xv bāz toğan Tuh. 7b. 2; zāğ ‘crow, rook’ ditto do. 18a. 4 (çoğan is a possible, but improbable, Sec. f. of toğan there; may be some confusion with Mong. çağan ‘white’). -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp.483b, complete entry toγanp.483b, complete entry toγan
uig. toγan ‘Falke’, čag. toγan, toγaŋ, osm. doγan
Vgl. čag. tujγun, tujkar 497a und mtü. toγryl 484a
