𐱃𐰆𐰖-
tuy-
Meaning:
to notice, perceive, become aware of
In line 38 of the Tunyukuk inscription, tuymadı has received different interpretations: Clauson translates it as “they did not notice us”, whereas Tekin understands “they did not feel the difficulty” of the journey. The difference depends on how the preceding kelmişi alp tedi is understood.
Examples
Translations
German:
bemerken, wahrnehmen, erkennen
Russian:
замечать, воспринимать, осознавать
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
duymaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
fark etmek, sezmek, anlamak
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 358ap. 358a
tuy= ‘to perceive, feel, hear’ (QT3, QA, GUL, CCa) / ṭuy= (AH) / duy= (QY) | tuyun= ‘to become aware’ (MO) | tuydur= ‘to make aware’ (QT4, MAv); Taqï tuydurmazsiz darvišniñ ṭaʿāmï üzä ‘And you urge not the feeding of the needy’ (QT4) | tuydusïz ‘all of a sudden’ (QT2) / tuydusuz (MAv) | tuydusuzïn ‘all of a sudden’ (QT2) | tuysu ‘feeling’ (AH) | tuyuġ ‘perception’; čïn tuyuġlï ‘confirmer’ (QT5 ar. مُصَدِّق); yalġan tuyuġlï ‘denier’ (QT5 ar. مُكَذِّب) | tuyuna 1. ‘openly’ (CCa palam). tuyuna 2. ‘intentionally’ / tuyana (TZ ar. عَمْدًا) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 766bp. 766b
tuy- bemerken, erkennen, verstehen, wahrnehmen, realisieren, spüren, perzipieren || farkına varmak, fark etmek, anlamak, tanımak, idrak etmek, algılamak, duymak, sezmek
tuy- bil- erkennen₂, verstehen₂ || anlamak₂, bilmek₂, farkına varmak₂
tuy- oŋar- erkennen₂, verstehen₂, wahrnehmen₂ || anlamak₂, bilmek₂, farkına varmak₂, algılamak₂
tuy- tetiglä- erkennen₂ || tanımak₂ -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1383p. 1383
*tuju to listen, perceive: Tung. *duja; Mong. *duɣul-; Turk. *duj-; Jpn. *tua-p-.
PTung. *duja noise; to shout, cry (шум; шуметь, кричать): Evn. dūja, dūja-.
◊ ТМС 1, 220. Attested only in Evn., but having possible external parallels.
PMong. *duɣul- listen (слушать, слышать): MMong. dūla- (MA), du’ulqa- (SH) ‘verkünden, bekanntgeben’; WMong. duɣul- (L 271); Kh. dūla-; Bur. dūla-; Kalm. dūlɣə- (caus.); Ord. dūl-.
◊ KW 104.
PTurk. *duj- to perceive (by ears or nose), notice (слышать, чуять, замечать): OTurk. tuj- (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. tuj- (MK); Tur. duj-; Gag. duj-; Az. duj-; Turkm. duj-; MTurk. tuj- (Sangl.); Uzb. tuj-; Uygh. tuj-; Krm. duj-, tuj-; Tat. toj-; Bashk. toj-; Kirgh. tuj-; KKalp. tuj-; Nogh. tuj-; SUygh. tuj-; Chuv. tuj-, refl. tojən-.
◊ VEWT 497, EDT 567, ЭСТЯ 3, 290-291, Федотов 2, 241, Ашм. XIV, 92-94. Chuv. may be < Tatar.
PJpn. *tua-p- to ask (спрашивать): OJpn. twop-; MJpn. tóf-; Tok. tò-, tó-; Kyo. tó-; Kag. tò-.
◊ JLTT 771. Accent is not quite clear (Kag. tò- and the Tokyo variant tó- point to *tuàp-).
‖ The isolated Even parallel is somewhat dubious, but the rest of the forms are well explained by the original meaning ‘perceive’ (whence both ‘listen’ and ‘ask’) and correspond well to each other. -
Talat Tekin (1994) Tunyukuk Yazıtıp. 46, note to T 38p. 46, note to T 38
Şimdi ben de, Clauson gibi, kälmiş sözcüğünün burada eyleyici adı değil de eylem adı olarak kullanıldığını kabul ediyor ve bu iki cümleyi şöyle anlıyorum: “(İçinizden birçoğu) geliş zor (oldu) dediler, (fakat onlar bile bu zorluğu pek) duymadılar”. Hemen ardından gelen t(ä)ŋri um(a)y ıduk y(e)r sub b(a)sa b(e)rti (ä)r(i)nç “Tanrı Umay ve kutsal Yer-Su (ruhları bize) yardım ettiler, şüphesiz” cümlesinin bu çeviriyi doğruladığı kanısındayım. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 567bp. 567b
tuy- (d-) ‘to perceive, notice, feel’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. except NE; SW Az., Osm., Tkm. duy-. Türkü viii (we crossed the Ertiş river and approached the enemy) kelmişi: alp tédi: tuymadı: ‘they said “it would be difficult for them to approach” and did not notice us’ T 38: viii ff. IrkB 61 (ilin-): Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A kentü ınça tuymazlar ‘they do not themselves notice this’ M I 10, 20: Bud. in the account of the nidāna series in U II 5 ff. the formula (I wondered why something happened and) sakınıp odğurak tuydum ‘after thinking I became vividly aware of’ (the reason) occurs several times, 5, 16, etc.; o.o. TT V 24, 79; VI 137, 460–2: Xak. xi er ı:şın tuydı: ‘the man perceived (ahassa) what was hidden in the affair and noticed it’ (şa‘ara bihi) Kaş. III 244 (tuya:r, tuyma:k); ö:d keçe:r kişi: tu:yma:s ‘time passes, but a man does not notice it’ I 44, 18: Çağ. xv ff. tuy- (‘with -u-’) fahmīdan ‘to understand’ San. 187r. 25 (quotn.): Kom. xiv ‘to notice, become aware’ tuy- CCG; Gr.: Kip. xiv tuy- ahassa Id. 67 -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 497ap. 497a
uig. tuj ’merken, einsehen, erkennen’, mtü. čag. usw. tuj ’gewahr werden, vernehmen’, osm. krm. az. trkm. duj ’hören, fühlen, ahnen’, kür. tyj, kaz. toj (> čuv. tuj, toj), ? jak. tǖj ’проникаться сомнением’; jak. tǖk ’сомнение’
