𐰆𐰺-

ur-

Meaning:
1. to hit; 2. to put
From the earliest period, it had two distinct meanings linked by the fact that both involve use of the arms; (1) ‘to put (something Acc., on something Dat. or Loc.)’; (2) ‘to strike (someone or something Acc.)’, from which, especially the first, a wide range of idiomatic meanings has developed. Those scholars who have tried to discriminate between these two meanings (e.g. Prof. Pelliot) by spelling (1) or- and (2) ur- were unquestionably mistaken (Clauson, 1972).
Synonyms:
𐰽𐰆𐰴- [sok-]

In modern languages

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen ur-
Turkish (Azerbaijan) vur-
Turkish (Türkiye) vur-
Salar vur-
Gagauz ur-
Crimean ur-
Uyghur ur-
Uzbek ur-
Kazakh ur-
Nogai No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Siberian Tatar No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Kyrgyz ur-
Altai ur-
Alan ur-
Kumyk ur-
Tatar or-
Bashkir or-
Tıva ur-
Khakas No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Khalaj hur-
Chuvash văr-

Examples

Irıq Bitig
3

Translations

German:
1. schlagen; 2. legen
Russian:
1. ударять; 2. класть
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
1. vurmaq; 2. qoymaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
1. vurmak; 2. koymak

  • Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish p. 194-195
    ur- distinguishable from o:r- by its short vowel and Aor. uru:r; C.i.a.p.a.l. From the earliest period it had two distinct meanings linked by the fact that both involve use of the arms; (1) ‘to put (something Acc., on something Dat. or Loc.)’; (2) ‘to strike (someone or something Acc.)’, from which, esp. the first, a wide range of idiomatic meanings has developed. Those scholars who have tried to discriminate between these two meanings (e.g. Prof. Pelliot) by spelling (1) or- and (2) ur- were unquestionably mistaken. Türkü viii yelme: karğu: edgü:ti: urğıl ‘set up a proper (system of) reconnoitring patrols and watch towers’ T 34; a.o. I S 10-11, II N 8 (ölsik)—yarıkımta: yalma:sı:nta: yüz artuk oku:n urtı: ‘(the enemy) hit him with more than a hundred arrows on his armour and quilted coat’ I E 33; o.o. I E 36; Ix. 21: viii ff. oyma: er oğlanım kisi:si:n tutuğ uru:pan ‘a gambler(?) putting up his children and wife as a stake’ IrkB 29; kuğu: kuş kana:tı:pa: uru:p ‘putting (himself) on the swan’s wings’ do. 35; yapı:lma:zu:n tep bilgeg urtı: ‘he set up a wise man telling him not to make mistakes’ Tun. IIIa. 6-8 (ETY II 94)—kiḏi:zi:g suvka: sukmı:ş takı: ur katıgdı: ba: ‘thrust the felt in the water and beat it tie it firmly’ IrkB 33; o.o. do. 35, 40: Man. didimin başıga urdı (the king) ‘put his crown on his head’ TT II 8, 67; nom törü urtı ‘he established the doctrine and rules’ do. 10, 91; a.o. do. 10, 92 (onar)—neçe urtumuz yontumuz erser ‘if we have somehow struck or wounded them’ Chuas. 88-9: Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A içipe urmış erdi ‘he had put (the fowls) in it’ M I 36, 3: Man. yeme tatıglığ edgü yıd tütsüg urur küyürler(p) ‘and put up and burn pleasant, fragrant incense sticks’ Wind. 33-7—yeklerig urğay ‘he will smite the demons’ M III 37, 6 (i): Chr. bir kapanda urup kigürdiler (the magi) ‘placed (their offerings) on a dish and brought them’ U I 7, 4-5: Bud. ur- is very common; for ‘to put, set up’ and the like PP 34, 31; U II 9, 12; 39, 86-7; Suv. 21, 12; 129, 8; TT V 10, 109; for ‘to strike’ PP 17, 6 etc.: Civ. ikirer ta:ş a:lip birni ur (so spelt) ‘take two stones for each and put one down’ TT VIII L.13, a.o.o. in this text and H I, II: Xak. xi eligindeki: ne:pni: ye:rde: urdı: ‘he put (waḍa‘a) the thing which was in his hands on ground’ (prov.)—ol kulın urdı: ‘he beat (ḍaraba) his slave, etc.’ Kaş. I 165 (uru:r, urma:k; this entry is among the V.s w. a short vowel but is everywhere spelt u:r- in the MS.); and many o.o.; KB ur- is very common in both senses, e.g. törü edgü urmış kişi yeğleri ‘the best of men have laid down a good code’ 252; kitâb atı urdum Kutadğu Bilig ‘I have given the book the name Kutadğu: Bilig’ 350—urdı nawbat tuğı ‘the sentry beat his drum’ 86: xii(?) KB VP xazina içinde urup kizlemiş ‘he put it in the treasury and hid it’ 13: xiii(?) KBPP at laqab urdılar ‘they gave it the name and title’ 18-19; At. biligdin ururmen sözümke ul-a ‘I lay a foundation of my words in wisdom’ 81; bodun mâllığ erke urup yüzlerin ‘the people set their faces towards the wealthy man’ 421; a.o. 461; Tef. ur- ‘to strike; to put’, etc. is common 329: xiv Muh.(?) ḍaraba u:r- Rif. 75, etc. (only); ur- 120, etc. (only): Çağ. xv ff. ur- (-ar, etc.) ur-, zadan ma‘nâsına ‘to strike’ Vel. 103-4 (quotns.); ur- (‘with u-’) zadan San. 66v. 21 (quotns.): Xwar. xiii ur- ‘to strike’ ‘Ali 28, 29: xiii(?) ditto Oğ. 38: xiv ditto and various idioms MN 109, etc.: Kom. xiv ur- ‘to put; to strike’, and in idioms CCI, CCG; Gr. 266 (quotns.): Kıp. xiii ḍaraba wur- (sic) Hou. 52, 20: xiv u:r- ḍaraba İd. 10; ḍaraba wur- Bul. 56a.; xv ḍaraba ur- Kav. 7, 13; 8, 16; 74, 19; Tuh. 23a. 11 a.o.o.: Osm. xiv ff. ur- with a rather wide range of meanings c.i.a.p., consistently spelt ur- not vur- TTS I 723; II 928; III 710; IV 784.