𐰆𐱃𐰔-
utuz-
Meaning:
to lose (at a game or wager); to be defeated
The causative analysis is disputed. The usual explanation treats utuz- as a formation in -(U)z-, whereas Erdal proposes simplification from *ut-tuz-. The latter reconstruction has been challenged.
Alternative spellings:
𐰆𐱃𐰆𐰔
Word family
In modern languages (2 / 22)
Select a region to see the cognate.
| Language | Cognate |
|---|---|
| Turkmen | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Turkish (Azerbaijan) | uduz- |
| Turkish (Türkiye) | utuz- (dialectal) |
| Salar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Gagauz | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Crimean | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Uyghur | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Uzbek | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kazakh | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Nogai | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Siberian Tatar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kyrgyz | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Altai | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Alan | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kumyk | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Tatar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Bashkir | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Tıva | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Khakas | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Khalaj | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Chuvash | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
Examples
Translations
German:
im Spiel oder bei einer Wette verlieren; besiegt werden
Russian:
проигрывать (в игре или пари); терпеть поражение
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
uduzmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
oyunda veya bahiste kaybetmek, yenilmek
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 374b–375app. 374b–375a
ut= ‘to win (at a game, contest), gain’ (QT3, IM, KA, XŠ, GUL, LN) / uṭ= (AH, KT, TZ, BM); Uttï andïn mālnï qimār birlä ‘He won gain from him in a game of chance’ (KA); Ḫirad satranǰïnï uttuñ ǰihāndïn ‘You won the chess game of wisdom against the world’ (LN) | utġan ‘competitive’ (QT3); da‘vačïlarnïñ utġanraqï ‘the fiercest of opponents’ (QT3 ar. أَلَدُّ الْخِصَامِ) | utuv ‘gain, win’ (BM ar. غَلَبَة) [< *utuġ] | utul= ‘to be defeated’ (QT3) | uṭṭur= ‘to cause to win’ (BM) | utuz= ‘to lose, incur a loss’ (MAn) / uṭuz= (TZ) | utušu oyna= ‘to play for money’ (MAv) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 808bp. 808b
utuz- aufgeben, verlieren, besiegt werden || terk etmek, vazgeçmek, kaybetmek, yenilmek, sırtı yere gelmek -
Marcel Erdal (1991) Old Turkic Word Formationp. 708p. 708
ut-uz- ‘to give up, lose’ is found in IrqB (runic) and TT VIII (Brāhmī), once each as quoted in the EDPT, and then in Middle Turkic. From this comes the hap. in ] turkaru utuzmaks(ı)z ol [ in TT X 286 in fragmentary context. Both the IrqB and the TT VIII C exs. govern the nominals referring to what one loses (or does not lose) in the accusative. ut-uz- thus has both the meaning and the function of ut-suk- in the DLT as described in section 7.41 above. The sentence of yarmakın utsuktı refers to a loss at gambling or wagering just as the IrqB ex. of ut-uz- does. Note that -sXk- was taken to have -(X)z- as first element. utuzmaksız must have had about the same significance as utsukmaksız (U II 50, 51 and 58), corresponding to Skt. aparājita. The behaviour of utuz- would be quite aberrant among -Xz- verbs and can be explained by assuming that it comes from a simplification of *ut-tuz-. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 74bp. 74b
D utuz- Caus. f. in -z- (cf. atız-) fr. ut-. Survives only in SW xx Anat. utuz-/ütüz- SDD 1423, 1440. Like the later Caus. f.s, utğuz- first noted in Çağ. Vel. 92; San. 60v. 11 and surviving in SE, SC, and uttur- first noted in Kıp. Bul. 67r. 7 and surviving in NE, NW, and SW xx Anat. ütür-, it has the unusual Caus. meaning of ‘to allow others to beat oneself, to lose’. Türkü viii ff. (a gambler) oğlı:n kisi:si:n utuzmaduk ‘did not lose his son and wife’ IrkB 29 (and see ut-): Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. Sanskrit gaṇa-pārihareṇa ‘by losing the community’ kuvra:ğığ utuzma:k üze: TT VIII C.5: Çağ. xv ff. utuz- (and utkuz-, -dı, etc.) utul-, ya‘ni yenil-, elinde olanın aldır- ‘to be beaten, to lose what you have in hand’ Vel. 92 (San. 59v. 18 erroneously corrected utuz- in one quotn. to otur- ‘to sit’): Kıp. xv xasira ‘to lose’ Tuh. 15a. 2. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 517bp. 517b
uig. usw. ut ’besiegen, gewinnen’, kaz. ot; čag. ut-kuz, ut-uz, otü. ut-kaz ’besiegt werden’; uig. (Gab.) ut-ur ’zuwider sein’; uig. mtü. ut-r-u ’entgegen, gegenüber’; udra, oir. udura, kaz. otra, jak. utar-y ~ mo. (KWb. 453) učira ’begegnen, sich treffen’ (> tar. usw. učura) Sem. und lautlich vgl. finn. voi- ’können’, voi-tta- ’besiegen’ -
Talat Tekin (1969) Zetacism and Sigmatism in Proto-Turkicp. 71, item 13p. 71, item 13
13. Uig., Tuhf. utuz- ‘to make other person win, to lose’, Turk. (TTS) utuz-, ütüz- id., Az. uduz- id. < ut- ‘to win’ (at play)
