𐰖𐰯-
yap-
Meaning:
to build; to make
This verb and its derived forms have a broad semantic range, including “to build” (for example, a wall), “to shut” (a door), “to cover” (objects), and “to join or stick things together”. The underlying semantic idea appears to be “to put things together”. Comparisons with yapa:ku and with Mongolian dabči “cover” and dabğur “doubled” suggest that the original initial consonant may have been d-, but this remains uncertain.
Examples
Translations
German:
bauen; machen
Russian:
строить; делать
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
qurmaq; etmək
Turkish (Türkiye):
inşa etmek; yapmak
Bibliography 1
-
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish870-871870-871
yap- (?d-) this V. and its der. f.s have a wide range of meanings, ‘to build (e.g. a wall); to shut (a door); to cover (things); to stick (things) together’, the basic connotation of which seems to be ‘to put (things) together’. There are some indications, see yapa:ku, and Mong. dabçi ‘cover’; dabğur ‘doubled’ (Haenisch 30), that the initial may originally have been d-, but this is uncertain. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes; the prevailing meanings are ‘to cover, shut, shut up’ in NE, SE, NC, and SW Tkm.; ditto, and ‘to build, complete’ in SC, NW; ‘to make, construct, do, arrange’, etc. in SW Az., Osm. Türkü viii ff. IrkB 28 (1 ordu:): Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A (first of all) yapdılar yaratdılar ‘they created (Hend.)’ (the tenfold heavens) M I 14, 8 (in subsequent parallel sentences yarat-, and once et- yarat- are used); Civ. yap- ‘to cover’ H II 26, 110: Xak. xi er kapuğ yaptı: (MS. yapıttı:) ‘the man slammed (ṣafaqa) the door’; and one says er to:r yaptı: (ditto) ‘the man threw down (alqā) the net over the birds’ (etc.); and işle:r ötme:k yaptı: (ditto) ‘the woman fixed (or stuck, alṣaqat) the bread in the oven’; and er ta:m yaptı: (ditto) ‘the man built (banā) a wall’ Kaş. III 57 (yapa:r, yapma:k); yuvka: yapa:r taxbiz ruqāq ‘makes thin loaves’ III 33, 26; o.o. I 348 (2 kars): I 374 (sıdığ); III 208, 23 (?; corrupt): KB yaparsen kapuğ ‘you slam the door’ 719; o.o. 1303, 6152: xiii(?) Tef. yap- ‘to construct, build’ (e.g. a wall) 141: xiv Muh.(?) al-tağṭiya ‘to cover’ yapmak Rif. 119 (only): Çağ. xv ff. yap- (‘with -p-’) both Intrans. and Trans. pūšīdan wa pūšānīdan (the grammatical analysis is directed towards the Pe. V.s, the second a Caus. f. of the first but both Trans.) ‘to put on; to cover; to hide, conceal’ and ‘to clothe, to cover, to conceal’; and nān ba-tannūr çaspāndan ‘to fix bread in the oven’ is also yap- San. 324v. 28: Xwar. xiv yap- ‘to shut (e.g. a door); to cover’ Qutb 63 (yab-); ‘to build’ do. 68 (yap-): Kom. xiv yap- ‘to cover, to shut’ CCI; ‘to make’ (in phr.) CCG; Gr. 113 (quotn.): Kip. xiii xabaza ‘to make bread’ ya:p- which also means ğalaqa’l-bāb ‘to shut (a door)’ and banā Hou. 34, 3; o.o. 34, 10 (ğalaqa); 37, 4 (banā): xiv yap- ğaṭṭā (‘to cover’) wa banā; and in the Kitāb Beylik ağlaqa İd. 90; ğaṭṭā yap- (-tı:) Bul. 64v.: xv yap- ğaṭṭā Kav. 9, 3; Tuh. 27a. 12 (also örüt-); banā yap- (‘with -a-’) 75, 11 (also ğaṭṭā); 8b. 2; satara (‘to conceal’) wa ğaṭṭā yap- 20a. 12; a.o. 27a. 2: Osm. xiv to xvi (only) yap- for ‘to shut (a door)’; common TTS I 782; II 997; III 767; IV 841.
