𐰘𐰃𐰺
yır
Meaning:
north; northern side
The stem underlying the northern directional forms is disputed: yır and yırı have both been proposed. The early spellings also include ir and yir. The suggested connection with Chuvash ҫӗр “night” is speculative; neither regular sound development nor a semantic pathway has been demonstrated.
Examples
No corpus links yet.
Translations
German:
Norden; Nordseite
Russian:
север; северная сторона
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
şimal
Turkish (Türkiye):
kuzey
Bibliography 4
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Mustafa Toker (2016) Köktürkçede Yön Bildiren Kelimeler ve Bunların Okunuşuna Farklı Bir Bakışabstract, pp. 1–10Köktürkçe metinlerde “bir, ḳur, yır” veya “biri, ḳurı, yırı” şekillerinde okunan yön bildiren kelimeler
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Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicp. 335p. 335Orkhon Turkic ... yïr+dïn+ta yan ‘from the northern side’ (Tuñ 11).
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Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 954bp. 954b
PU 1 yır ‘the north’; it may originally have had some concrete meaning like kuz ‘the shady side of a mountain’, hence ‘north’, but if so it is lost. The spelling is erratic; in Türkü yır, in Uyğ. viii ir, viii ff. both ir and (VU) yir. N.o.a.b., but see yırtın, yırya:. Türkü viii yırğaru: ... ilgerü: ... bergerü: ‘northwards ... eastwards ... southwards’ I E 28, II E 23; a.o. I S 2, II N 2: Uyğ. viii (I spent the winter) Ötüken irin ‘north of the Ötüken (mountain)’ Şu. E 7; Kögmen irinte: E 11: viii ff. Man.-A in a passage about the effect of the winds on the waves a kün ortuda sıŋar yel ‘wind from the south’ drives the waves irtin sıŋar ‘northwards’, and a yirte sıŋarkı yel ‘wind from the north’ drives the waves kün ortudun sıŋar ‘southwards’ M III 10, 7 ff. (i). -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 201bp. 201b
uig. (Gab.) jyr, jir, jyry, ir ‘dort, jenseits, links, Norden’, ? Čuv. śər, śõr ‘Nacht’; atü. (R.) jyr-aja, jyr-γaru ‘links, nach Norden’. ~ mo. (KWb. 219) irugar ‘Boden’, mmo. irada ‘flussabwärts’. Sem. vgl. finn. pohja ‘Boden, Norden’; olča perəg ‘Boden’, per-hi ‘Westen’ ~ finn. perä ‘Rücken, Boden’. UAW 34; anders Poppe 39.
