𐰠𐰏
älig
Meaning:
hand
Old Turkic älig also had a shortened form äl. Erdal explains this development through syncope in inflected forms such as älgin, followed by simplification of the consonant cluster and morphological reanalysis. The shorter form underlies many modern Turkic words for “hand”.
The relationship between the noun älig “hand” and the similarly pronounced numeral “fifty” is interpreted differently in the literature. Erdal treats them as historically identical, whereas Clauson distinguishes the numeral by its geminated -ll-. The royal title elig, connected with el “realm”, is a separate formation.
Examples
Translations
German:
Hand
Russian:
рука
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
əl
Turkish (Türkiye):
el
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 54, entry äligp. 54, entry älig
älig 1. ‘hand’ (g.) / elig (QA, XŠ, MN) / äl (g.) / el (MM, XŠ, MN, CC, KT, KD, GUL); älgi ačuq ‘generous’ (KA); älig ačuq tut= ‘to be generous’ (QA); älig tarlïqï ‘scarcity of food’ (QT5); äl al= ‘to assist’ (MuG); elig alïšïb ‘hand in hand’ (QA); älig qïsġa qïl= ‘to refrain from’ (QT5); Qamuġ išlärdin älig qïsġa qïlïñlar ‘refrain from doing any work’ (QT5); elig sun= ‘to offer a hand’ (NF); elig tut= ‘to offer a hand’ (QA); älig/äl tutuš= ‘to shake hands’ (QT5, NF); älig yu(v)= ‘to forget about sth.’ (XŠ) [cf. pers. دست شستن]; J̌āndïn el yu ‘Forget about your life’ (XŠ); Bu išdin yuw äliñni ‘Keep aloof of this matter’ (XŠ) | ällik2 1. ‘glove’ (AH) [tt.dial. ellik]. ällik2 2. ‘grip, handle’ / ellük (MAv) | äligläš= ‘to hold hands’ (QT2) / elläš= (QT3); äligläšü ‘hand in hand’ (QT2). 2. ‘front leg of a horse’ / el (MuG, BV). 3. ‘power’ (QT1, QA); Yalavač ʿUmarnïñ älgini öz älgi täg qïlmïš ärdi ‘The Prophet had granted ʿUmar authority equal to his own’ (QT5); älgi aġïr ‘powerful’ (QT5); älgi uzun ‘powerful’ (QT5); älig ač= ‘to empower’ (QT5); yalavač äligini ačtïm silärniñ üzä ‘I empowered the Prophet over you’ (QT5); älig ber= ‘to grant power, grant victory’ (QT1 ar. ظفر, QT5, QA); Oġlanlarï üzä älig bergil ‘Grant (me) power over his children’ (QA); Eligiñ üstün turur ‘You are superior’ (QA); eligi bizdin üstün bolsa ‘if he should gain the upper hand over us’ (QA); älig asraqï ‘s.o. who submits, prisoner of war, oppressed’ (IMa أسير ومستضعف); Äliggä kirdi ‘He is in (your) hands’ (QA) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 255b, entry ²eligp. 255b, entry ²elig
²elig Hand || el; (Tier) Vorderbein || (hayvanlarda) ön bacak; Handbreit (Maßangabe) || karış (ölçü birimi); (metaphorisch) Tun || (mecazi) faaliyet
älig adak täpin- Hände und Füße bewegen, mit Händen und Füßen zucken || eli ayağı hareket ettirmek, eli ayağı oynatmak
älig iš manuelle Arbeit || elle yapılmış iş
elig arıg yu- die Hände rein waschen || eli temizce yıkamak
elig muturı Handgeste || el kol hareketi (jest)
eligdä (~ eligtä) al- in die Hand erhalten || ele almak
eligdä tut- in der Hand halten || elde tutmak
eligin kavšur- seine Hände zusammenlegen || elini birleştirmek
elgin käs- seine Hand abschneiden || elini kesmek
elgin tut- j-s Hand ergreifen || birinin elini tutmak
elgintä ilin- an seinen Händen hängenbleiben (Blumen) || (çiçekler) eline takılmak -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicp. 97, § 2.403, Syncopation and stressp. 97, § 2.403, Syncopation and stress
Medial vowels of stems outside the first syllable are often syncopated; here are a few among the innumerable examples: agz+aŋïz+da < agïz+ ... or älg+in (accusative, 3rd pers. possessive) < älig ‘hand’ (e.g. Wettkampf 87; the subsequent simplification of the /lg/ cluster and metanalysis of the possessive suffix no doubt led to the variant äl found in some modern languages). -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1024, entry -ŋlip. 1024, entry -ŋli
-ŋli hand: Tung. *ŋāla; Turk. *el, -ig.
PTung. *ŋāla hand (рука): Evk. ŋāle; Evn. ŋāl; Neg. ŋāla, ŋala; Man. gala; SMan. Galə (68); Jurch. ŋa-la (504); Ul. ŋāla; Ork. ŋāla; Nan. ŋāla, ŋala, nala; Orch. ŋāla, ŋala; Ud. ŋala; Sol. nāla, nāli.
◊ ТМС 1, 656-657.
PTurk. *el, -ig hand (рука): OTurk. elig (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. elig (MK); Tur. el; Gag. jeĺ; Az. äl; Turkm. el; Sal. el; Khal. äl; MTurk. el, elig (Abush., MA, Бор. Бад., Sangl.); Uzb. ilik (arch.); Uygh. ilik (dial.); SUygh. ɨlɨɣ; Shr. ilik (Верб.), ilgilik ‘mitten’; Tof. eldik ‘mitten’; Chuv. alъ; Yak. ilī, elī; Dolg. ilī.
◊ VEWT 39, EDT 140-1, ЭСТЯ 1, 260-261, Лексика 251, Егоров 24, Stachowski 125-126.
‖ АПиПЯЯ 17, 47, 282; Дыбо 316, Лексика 251-252. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 140b–141a, entry eligpp. 140b–141a, entry elig
elig (?élig) ‘hand, forearm’, with some extended meanings like ‘finger’s breadth’ in some modern languages. For some obscure reason abbreviated to el in some languages in the medieval period; in some languages displaced by ko:l in the meaning ‘hand’. S.i.a.m.l.g. in a wide range of forms and meanings. Possibly to be spelt élig; see eliglig. Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. Türkü viii Oŋ Totok yurçın yaraklığ eliğin tutdı: ‘he grasped Wang Totok’s brother-in-law with his armoured hand’ I E 32; similar phr. do. 38: viii ff. xan eliğin tutmış ‘the xan grasped them with his hand’ IrkB 63; kulı: elgimte: ... ıdtı: ‘sent ... by the hand of his servant’ Toyok IVr. 5–7 (ETŞ II 180): Man. (we must keep three commandments with our mouths, three with our minds) üç elgin ‘three with (our) hands’ Chuas. 193–4; elgin sunup ‘reaching out with (our) hands’ do. 314; M III 14, 3 (iii) (igid-): Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A neteg kim elig ağazka sevük erür ‘just as the hand is dear to the mouth’ M I 23, 6–7: Chr. Xirodis xan elginde ‘in the hands of King Herod’ U I 9, 12: Bud. bata:r elig belgürdi ‘he showed an opened hand’ TT VIII K.5; elgi ertinilig yip egirer ‘their hands spin a jewelled thread’ PP 46, 2; do. 63, 5 (adak); a.o.o. in PP—eliglerinde ‘in their hands’ TT V 10, 103; o.o. do. 22, 47; 24, 51, etc.: Civ. beg tamğası elgingde ‘a beg’s seal is in your hands’ TT I 129 (a.o.o.); eligde H II 31, 189; eligde do. 32, 2; öz elgin bitiyü tegindim ‘I ventured to write this with my own hand’ USp. 15, 17; similar phr. do. 55, 35; elig tartıp ‘shaking hands’ (on a bargain) do. 87, 4–5: Xak. xi elig al-yad ‘hand, forearm’; ‘the right hand’ (al-yumnā) is called o:ŋ elig, in Oğuz sa:ğ elig, and ‘the left hand’ (al-yadu’l-yusrā) so:l elig in both Kaş. I 72; about 40 o.o.; KB muŋadmış yerimde elig tut maŋa ‘in my difficult position hold my hand’ 29; many o.o.: xiii(?) At. elig is common; Tef. both el and elig ‘hand, arm’ are common 74, 75: xiv Muh. al-yadu’l-yusrā so:l e:lig Mel. 7, 15; Rif. 79; al-yusrā ditto 141 (only); al-yadu’l-yumnā sa:ğ e:lig 141 (only); asīr wa mustaḍʿaf ‘prisoner, reduced to submission’ elig asra:kı: 147 (only): Çağ. xv ff. elik (‘with -k’) el ... dast maʿnāsına ‘hand’ Vel. 70, 71 (quotn.); el bu dahi el demekdir dast maʿnāsına do. 72 (quotn.); el dast (quotn.) also called elig; el and elig are terms (ʿibārat) for (the hand) from the fingers to the wrist, and kol for (the arm) from the fingers to the shoulder San. 112v. 3; elg (‘with -g’) dast do. 113r. 4 (quotn.; only with vowel suffixes); elik (by implication ‘with e-’) dast (quotn.), also called el and elg do. 113r. 10 (both forms occur in quotns. fr. Nava’i): Xwar. xiii el ‘hand’ Ali 8: xiv elig ditto Qutb 20; el, elig do. 49; ditto MN 2, etc.; elig Nahc. 231, 13; 257, 16; 289, 11: Kom. xiv ‘hand’ el CCI, CCG: Gr.: Kip. xiii (after a list of fingers, etc.) maǧmūʿu’l-yad ‘the whole hand’ e:l Hou. 20, 17: xiv el (‘with front vowel’) al-yad İd. 20: xv al-yad (kol; also) el Kav. 61, 1; kaff ‘the palm of the hand’ el (and aya) Tuh. 30b. 8; yad el do. 39a. 7: Osm. xiv ff. phr. containing el c.i.a.p. TTS I 259 ff.; II 367 ff.; III 242 ff.; IV 285 ff. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 39a–b, entry čag. osm. az. krm. älp. 39a–b, entry čag. osm. az. krm. äl
čag. osm. az. krm. äl ’Hand’, CC. el, jak. alī, ilī, čuv. alə, al id.; uig. (Gab.) älig, ilig ’Hand’, ’fünfzig’, mtü. älig ’Hand’, ’Handbreite’, ’Bürgschaft’, ’fünfzig’, küär. kmd. šor. äliγ ’Fingerbreite’, kzk. eli id., sag. iliγ, soj. ilig ’илиг (мера длины, равная толщине пальца)’, s-uig. elyγ, elig ’рука пятерня’ (> kam. Joki 144 jēlyγ ’fünfzig’); osm. äl-ä, osm. krm. ällä ’bewegen, mit der Hand schütteln’; čag. älit ’in die Hand bekommen’; osm. äl-divān ’Handschuh’; leb. äl-tä id., tub. äl-täk id.; šor. il-gi-lik id.; čuv. (Ašm. 1: 168) al-za ’рукавицы, голицы’
