𐰀𐰔
āz
Meaning:
few, little; scanty
The initial vowel of āz was long, as indicated by its spelling in some Old Turkic runiform manuscripts and independently confirmed by modern Turkmen āz and Khalaj hāz.
Examples
Translations
German:
wenig, wenige; gering
Russian:
мало, немного; немногочисленный
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
az
Turkish (Türkiye):
az
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 47a, az¹p. 47a, az¹
az¹ ‘few, little’ (g.); Üküšniñ azïn körmädiñ ‘You haven’t seen very much yet!’ (QA); az bol= ‘to diminish’ (QT3, AH); az qal= ‘to be near’ (QK); ölmägä az qaldï ‘death is impending’ (QK); bir az ‘some, a little’ (TZ-tkm) / biräz (BV) / miräz (BV-1x) | azïn ‘a little, few’ (g.) / aḏïn (MM); azïn azïn ‘little by little’ (g.); azïn azïn ič= ‘to drink in small sips’ (KA); azïn azïn yaġut= ‘to pull near little by little’ (QT1) | azġïna ‘a little bit, only a few’ (QT2, MuG) / azqïna (QT1–3); biräzginä ‘a little bit’ (MuG); azraq ‘less’ (QT3, MM, CCa); Qulaqda azraqï bar ‘some piece is lacking from its ear’ (MM); azlïq ‘paucity, insufficiency’ (NF, ON); Yüklämäkkä kältürmäkkä qaġatïr ud azlïq boldï ‘There were not enough mules and oxen for loading and transport’ (ON) | azaġu ‘a few persons’ (QT1); Qïlmazlar anï mägär azaġu olardïn ‘They would not do it save a few of them’ (QT1) | azla= 1. ‘to despise’ (QT3, NF, XŠ). azla= 2. ‘to diminish’ [itr.] (AH ar. اِنْقَلَّ) | azar= ‘to diminish’ [itr.] (TZ) | azdïr= ‘to diminish’ [tr.] (TZ ar. قَلَّلَ) / azdur= (BM) | azsa= ‘to deem insignificant’ (KA) | azsïn= ‘to deem insignificant’ (KT) | azïrġa= ‘to hold in contempt’ (KT) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüpp. 90b–91a, ¹azpp. 90b–91a, ¹az
¹az wenig, ein wenig, wenige, etwas || az, birkaç, biraz; gering, beschränkt || küçük, sınırlı
az arıg t(ä)ŋri yeri der Himmel ,beschränkt rein‘ (Skt. parīttābha) (in der buddh. Kosmologie) || (Budist kozmolojide) ,sınırlı temiz‘ gök (Skt. parīttābha)
az ädrämlig mit wenig Tugend (in Ausdrücken der Bescheidenheit) || erdemi az olan, az erdemli (alçak gönüllülük belirten ifadelerde)
az ärigdä b(ä)lgürtgäli säviglig einer, dem es gefällt, sich an nur wenigen Aufenthaltsorten zu inkarnieren = eine Götterklasse (Skt. nirmāṇarati) (in der buddh. Kosmologie) || az ikametgâhda ortaya çıkmayı seven = (Budist kozmolojide) bir tanrı sınıfının adı (Skt. nirmāṇarati)
az kičig für kurze Zeit₂ || kısa bir süre₂ için
az täŋinčä in geringem Maße || az ölçüde, küçük ölçüde
az täŋinčäk(i)yä in geringem Maße || az ölçüde, küçük ölçüde
az üküš wenig oder viel || az veya çok
az ülüš täginčäk(i)yä nur zu einem geringen Anteil || sadece az bir payla
az ülüšk(i)yäsi auch nur ein kleiner Teil davon || … -dan sadece küçük bir parça
az y(a)ruklug t(ä)ŋri yeri der Himmel ,Von beschränktem Glanz‘ (Skt. parīttābha) (in der buddh. Kosmologie) || (Budist kozmolojide) ,sınırlı parıltılı‘ (Skt. parīttābha) gök
az yuka wenig₂ || az₂
azlı üküšli wenig oder viel || az veya çok -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicpp. 47–48, §2.21 Vowel lengthpp. 47–48, §2.21 Vowel length
In the runiform writing system, first syllable vowel length differences can be expressed only for /a/ and /ä/, since the presence of these sounds in first syllables is understood implicitly without recourse to the A character; other vowels have, in general, to be written out (although there are exceptions in some of the inscriptions). The explicit presence of this character can then in principle be used to mark /a:/ and /ä:/. This is done rather consistently for /a:/ in some mss. in runiform script, namely IrqB, Dispute and BlattRun: They have a:gu ‘poison’, a:la ‘motley’, a:k ‘white’, a:rt ‘mountain pass’, a:ra ‘between’, a:š ‘food’, a:t ‘name’, a:z ‘few’, a:z- ‘to stray’, a:zu ‘or’, ba:- ‘to bind’, sa:kïn- ‘to think’, ta:š ‘stone’, ta:t- ‘to taste’, ya:š ‘fresh grass’ and some derivates from these stems.73 These mss. only have very few questionable cases like ada+r-t- ‘to harm’ and añïg ‘evil’ where we do not know whether the explicit A in the first syllable is a reflexion of real vowel length for lack of modern documentation, and there are a few additional cases (like yaš and ara in the IrqB) where a word spelled with long vowel also shows an instance without explicit A.74 Where explicit A is, in these mss., used for marking the vowel /ä/, its presence does not appear to indicate length, as the words in which it is used have long vowels in no other source. The practice described here must have been known already to the scribes of the Orkhon inscriptions: a:č ‘hungry’, a:č- ‘to be hungry’, a:t ‘name, title’ and ta:m ‘wall’ (KT SE), the only words which are spelled with explicit A in the first syllable in the KT, BQ and KÇ inscriptions, do indeed have Proto- and Common-Turkic lengths. Here, however, this practice was applied in an inconsistent and limited way: The word for ‘name’ was more often spelled without A than with it, and a:k ‘white’, a:ra ‘between’, a:z ‘few’, ba:- ‘to bind’ and sa:kïn- ‘to think’, which appear with A in the quoted mss., do not have it in the Orkhon inscriptions. Nor are bar ‘there is’ and bay ‘rich’, which have long vowels in the modern languages, spelled with A in Orkhon Turkic. That the expression of vowel length is not part of the Orkhon Turkic writing system was already observed by Hovdhaugen, 1974: 61. Some additional evidence from the Yenisey inscriptions has been listed in Tekin 1995a: 90–91; it should, however, be checked on the base of newer or more responsible readings of these inscriptions. Doerfer 1981–82a: 111–2 has tried to explain the absence of A in some stems with long vowels by the hypothesis that the stem started with /h/, after which the long vowels are not supposed to appear; he thinks that /ā/ is spelled with A only when the word starts with this vowel. This is not the case, as shown by the spelling of ta:m. -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 315, *āŕap. 315, *āŕa
*āŕa small, scarce; recent: Tung. *ara-; Mong. *araj; Turk. *Āŕ; Jpn. *àrà-(ta-); Kor. *ārắi.
PTung. *ara- scarcely (едва): Evk. aran; Evn. arn; Man. arqan; SMan. arəqən (2952); Sol. arã.
◊ ТМС 1, 48.
PMong. *araj scarcely, just a little (едва ли, слегка): MMong. aran (SH); WMong. arai (L 48); Kh. araj; Bur. araj; Kalm. arǟ; Ord. arǟ; Mog. ZM arei ‘so it is, is it so?’ (27-7b); Dag. arān (Тод. Даг. 121); S.-Yugh. arān; Mongr. araŋ (SM 11), cf. aráaG ‘ruines de ville où il ne reste plus que les murs des maisons detruites’ (SM 11).
◊ KW 13, MGCD 116. Mong. > Kirgh. araŋ, Oyr. araj etc. (ЭСТЯ 1, 167–168), Yak., Dolg. araj (Stachowski 36).
PTurk. *Āŕ few, a little (немного): OTurk. az (Orkh. ПМК, OUygh.); Karakh. az (MK); Tur. az; Gag. az; Az. az; Turkm. āz; Khal. hāz; Uzb. ɔz; Uygh. az; Krm. az; Tat. az, ɛz; Bashk. aδ, äδ; Kirgh. az; Kaz. az; KBalk. az; KKalp. az; Kum. az; Nogh. az; SUygh. az; Khak. as; Shr. as; Oyr. as; Tv. as.
◊ EDT 277, VEWT 32, ЭСТЯ 1, 93–94.
PJpn. *àrà-(ta-) new (новый): OJpn. arata-; MJpn. àtàrà-si; Tok. ata-rashí-; Kyo. átáráshì-; Kag. atarashí-.
◊ JLTT 383, 677, 826. The MJ and most modern form present a metathesis atarasi- < arata-si- (but cf. Yonakuni àrà- ‘new’); the stem *àràtà itself is preserved as a nominal and verbal stem (cf. *àràtà-ma- > Tokyo aratamé- ‘to renew’ etc.).
PKor. *ārắi yesterday, in the past (вчера, в предыдущий день, в прошлом): MKor. ārắi, ārái; Mod. āre ‘day before yesterday’.
◊ Nam 336.
‖ EAS 110, KW 13, Владимирцов 361. Low tone in *àrà-tà- is probably secondary (a result of some contamination?); cf. Yonaguni (suffixless) àrà- < *árá- ‘new’. Despite Doerfer MT 44, TM is hardly borrowed from Mong. (although some forms – Evk., Evn. arai – are). -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 277a, ¹a:zp. 277a, ¹a:z
1 a:z ‘few, scanty, a little’. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in NE as. Türkü viii az bodunığ ükü:ş kıldım ‘I made the scanty people numerous’ I N 10, II N 7; similar phr. I E 19 (II E 16); I E 29, II E 24; II E 14 (I E 17); o.o. of az ‘few’ I E 40; II E 32; T 39; Ongin 7: viii ff. (at the beginning of this omen) a:z (sic) emğeki: bar ‘it has a little pain’ IrkB 57: Man. (the king’s heart) az koğşadı ‘weakened a little’ TT II 6, 30: Uyğ. viii az er ıt(t)ım ‘I sent a few men’ Şu. E 11: viii ff. Man.-A M I 35, 4 and 12 (aŋaru:): Bud. az udıŋ ‘sleep a little’ PP 55, 5; az edremlig toyın ‘(I) a monk of little virtue’ Hüen-ts. 2050: Civ. köŋlüg [köküz]üg bütmeki az ‘the achievements of your mind are scanty’ TT I 82–3; o.o. do. 159; H II 18, 64; USp. 22, 49: Xak. xi a:z ne:ŋ al-şay’u’l-qalil ‘something scanty’ Kaş. I 80: atan yüki: aş bolsa: açka: az (sic) körünür ‘if a camel has a load of food, to a hungry man it seems scanty’ I 75, 25: KB üküş sözleme söz birer sözle az ‘do not say many words, say a few one at a time’ 172; o.o. 305–6, 734, 866 (2 kı:z), 4580: xiii(?) At. az ‘few’, etc., is common; Tef. ditto 41: xiv Muh. al-qalil az Mel. 56, 1; 82, 15; Rif. 153, 188: Çağ. xv ff. az andak ‘few, a little’ San. 39r. 5: Xwar. xiv ditto Qutb 17; MN 49, etc.; azın azın ‘little by little’ Qutb 18: Kom. xiv ‘a little’ az CCG; Gr. 45 (quotn.): Kıp. xiii al-qalil (opposite to ‘many’ köp, etc.) az Hou. 25, 14: xiv ditto; az boldı: şâra qalil bi-ma‘nā qalla Id. 12: xv qalil az Kav. 24, 15; Tuh. 84a. 8: Osm. xiv ff. az in several phr.; c.i.a.p. TTS I 63–6; II 89; III 57–8; IV 62–3. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 32b, *āzp. 32b, *āz
*āz (< *ār): mtü. trkm. āz, atü. usw. az ‘klein, wenig’, kkir. usw. as, čuv. *or (> čer. ČLČ 167 or, ar: 1. or-luδo, ar-luδo, ar-γek ‘kleine Gans’ → ‘Ente’; 2. or-jeŋ, ar-βata, orjəŋ-vata ‘kleiner Mensch’, ‘kleines Weib’ → ‘neuverheiratete Frau, Braut, молодушка’; 3. or-jəlmə ‘kleine Zunge’ → ‘Zäpfchen’); ? kmd. äčä-gäš ‘ein kleinwenig’; jak. aččā, aččya, aččō, utčā ‘уменьшаться’; jak. aččygyj ‘малый’
~ mo. (KWb. 13) ar-aj ‘kaum’ < *ar-aδ ‘weniger werden’
