Clauson (1972)
An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish
p. 529-530
1 tur-
(? d-) âto standâ, both in the sense of âto stand uprightâ and âto stand stillâ with various extended meanings. From an early date it was also used as an Aux. V. following a Gerund in -u:/-ĂŒ:, -p or -Äalı:/-Äeli: with different shades of meaning, but usually âto continue to (do something)â. From a date as early at least as UyÄ. Chr. the Aor. turur, later abbreviated to tur/dur, etc., but no other part of the V. was used as a copula meaning âisâ and so replacing erĂŒr. C.i.a.p.a.l.; in SW Az., Osm. dur- in Tkm. both tur- and dur-; as the vowel is short in Tkm., KaĆ.âs alternative form tu:r- is prob. an error or dialect form. Most Turkish grammars and some diets. discuss the various idiomatic uses of this V. at great length. TĂŒrkĂŒ viii anta: kalmıĆı: yer sayu: kop turu: ölĂŒ: yorıyu:r ertiÄ âthose of you who remained there all went to all sorts of countries and stayed or died (there)â I S 9, II N 7; the only other occurrence is [gap] turu: [gap] Ix. 21: viii ff. tur- âto stand still, remainâ, and the like occurs 10 times in IrkB e.g. ĂŒze: tuman turdı: asra: toz turdı: âthe mist was stationary (or rose ?) above and the dust belowâ 15; kamĆayu: uma:tı:n turu:r âstands still unable to moveâ 16, 25, 37, 39; a.o. 28 (1 e:l): Man. ĂŒze on kat kök asra segiz (sic) kat yer beĆ teĆri ĂŒĂ§ĂŒn turur âabove the heavens in ten layers and beneath the earths in eight layers remain stationary for the sake of the five godsâ Chuas. 42-4: UyÄ. viii [gap] turup Ću. S 6 perhaps the end of a longer word: viii ff. Man.-A turmÄ±Ć kergek erĂŒr âthey must remainâ M I 24, 3; (may our bodies) bĂŒtĂŒnin katıÄın tursun âremain whole and strongâ do. 28, 26: Man. yalınlayu turur tamutın ozdılar âthey have escaped from the continuously flaming hellâ TT III 135; tekip (for tegip) turur âcontinues to reachâ(?) do. IX 59: Chr. (the star) ĆĂŒk turdı âstood stillâ U I 6, 9; kötĂŒrĂŒ umatı:n turur âstands still unable to carry itâ do. 8, 6-7; (the flame rose and) kök kalıkka tegi turur erdi âstood erect right up to the firmamentâ do. 8, 14âbu taĆ ertigĂŒ aÄır turur âthis stone is extremely heavyâ do. 8, 4-5: Bud. yokaru turÄalı âto stand upâ PP 19, 5; yeti kĂŒn turup âhalting for seven daysâ do. 31, 4; ıÄlamaÄ turup âstop weeping and stand upâ do. 60, 1; ınça tursun âthus may they remainâ TT IV 12, 42: korayu tursun âmay they continuously diminishâ do. 12, 45; a.o.o.: Civ. (the birds) uçu umatı:n turdı âstood still unable to flyâ TT I 24; busuĆ kadÄu belgĂŒsi eĆire turur âmanifestations of grief and distress continuously surround youâ do. 79; evde tursar âif one stays at homeâ VII 28, 33-44; a.o.o.âin the late texts in USp. there are several occurrences of -p turur e.g. bolup turur âthere isâ; erk tutup turur âare taking controlâ 21, 7-8: Xak. xi er yoka:ru: turdı: âthe man (etc.) stood upâ (qÄma); and one says tuman turdı: âthe fog roseâ (hÄja) (turur, turma:k); turur this Aor. (ÄÄbir) verb is used without Perf. or Infin. and means huwa âisâ, e.g. one says ol ta:Ć turur âthat is a stoneâ and ol kuĆ turur âthat is a birdâ; this is a copula in the sentence (áčŁila fiâl-kalÄm) comparable to Ar. yanbaÄÄ« which has neither Perf. nor Infin. KaĆ. II 6: (in the section for Mon. V. with long vowels) er yoka:ru: tu:rdı: (same translation) (tu:rur, tu:rma:k); tu:rur a Future (mustaqbal) verb without Perf. or Infin. like Ar. yadaâ and yaážar; it indicates the stability (? or truth? qarÄr) of something, or its existence or position at the time of speaking (fi áž„Älatiâl-ážikr iyyÄhu); hence one says ol evde: turur âhe isâ (imdir) âin the houseâ, not meaning that he is standing up (al-qiyÄm), and er sökel turur âthe man is illâ, not standing up III 180; tur- is very common and turur fairly common as both are used in grammatical sections; in phr. like ĆĂŒk tur uskut âbe silentâ, I 335, 13, it means âto stand stillâ not âto stand upâ: KB (they were his advisers) birle turup âstaying with himâ 49; (good fortune) kapuÄda turur âstands at the doorâ 100; evindin turup çıktı âhe stood up and left his houseâ 486; o.o. with the same range of meanings are common, 538, 541, 1296 (tur-a), etc.: xii(?) KBVP (every country has given this book a different name) ol elniĆ bögĂŒsi hakimi turup âthe sages and wise men of the country stood upâ (and gave it a name looking to the local custom) 27: xiii(?) KBPP turur âisâ (which seems not to occur in KB) is common both as a copula, e.g. (God who) turur âisâ (the Almighty King) 2, and after Participles in -mıĆ/-miĆ, e.g. arasta kılınmÄ±Ć turur âit has been adornedâ 10; At. tur- âto stand upâ, turur âisâ, several occurrences; Tef. tur- âto stand up, stand stillâ; -p tur- âto do something continuouslyâ -u:/-ĂŒ: tur- ditto; turur âis, existsâ 311: xiv Muh. qÄma dur- Mel. 30, 4; tur- Rif. 114; waqafa âto stand stillâ dur- 32, 5; tur- 116; al-qiyÄm turmak 35, 6; 120; a.o.o.âfor âisâ Mel. has dur in 11, 12; 16, 1 and tur in 11, 13; turur in 18, 2; Rif. has durur in 93, elsewhere tur/turur: ĂaÄ. xv ff. tur- (-mayın, etc.) dur-, sakın ol- âto be stationaryâ Vel. 204-7 (quotns.): tur- (âwith -u-â) (1) istÄdan âto stand upâ; (2) mÄndan wa makat kardan âto remain, stay, haltâ San. 170r. 13 (quotns., in both authorities the Aor. is turar); tur one of the copulas (rawÄbiáč) meaning ast âisâ; e.g. ketip tur, kelip tur âhe has gone, he has comeâ; in this sense also dur do. 172r. 15; dur and durur (but not tur) are mentioned among the rawÄbiáč in 16r. 22: Xwar. xiii dur- âto remainâ âAli 26: xiii(?) tur- (1) âto standâ; (2) as an Aux. V. and turur âisâ are common in OÄ.: xiv tur- âto standâ Qutb 186; MN 95, etc.: Kom. xiv tur- âto stand, stand up, remainâ, and as an Aux. V. and turur/tur/dur/dir/dir as a copula are very common CCI, CCG; Gr. 254-8 (numerous quotns.): Kip. xiii qÄma minaâl-wuqĆ«f waâl-labáčŻ waâl-qiyÄm âto halt; to stay, remain; to stand upâ tur- Hou. 43, 4; huwa dur 56, 15: xiv tur- qÄma Ä°d. 62; tur âisâ do. 23 (anuk); dur a word (lafáșa) which accompanies a statement to emphasize it; in certain contexts the d- is changed (tabaddala) to t-, also durur/turur do. 48; qÄma wa waqafa dur- Bul. 71r.: xv qÄma tur- Kav. 11, 5; Tuh. 29b. 11; waqafa tur- Tuh. 38b. 6; dir/dur is used for emphasis Kav. 35, 14-15; tur/dur âisâ Tuh. 52b. 7; a.o.o. Osm. xiv ff. dur- (occasionally in the early period tur-) in the meanings given above; c.i.a.p. TTS I 230; II 327; III 214; IV 248.