𐰉𐰽-
bas-
Meaning:
to press in, to crush; to make a surprise attack (on someone Acc.)
bas- has a broad but coherent semantic range centred on applying pressure or force from above or against something. From the physical meanings “press, tread on, crush” developed “subdue, suppress, overpower”, “fall suddenly upon, raid”, “stamp or impress” and later “print”. The same image underlies expressions in which sleep, fear, grief, fog, water or vegetation overwhelms someone or covers a place.
Examples
Translations
German:
drücken; niedertreten; überwältigen; überfallen
Russian:
давить; наступать; подавлять; внезапно нападать
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
basmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
basmak
Bibliography 1
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Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish370-371370-371
bas- ‘to press, crush, oppress, make a surprise attack (on someone Acc.)’, and the like. S.i.a.m.l.g. in a wide range of basic and extended meanings, e.g. ‘to print’. See basa:. Türkü viii kırkız bodunığ uda: basdımız ‘we made a surprise attack on the Kırğız people while they were asleep’ I E 35; about a dozen similar occurrences: Uyğ. viii yelmesin meniŋ er anta: basmış ‘my men made a surprise attack on his reconnoitring patrol there’ Şu. E 12: viii ff. Man. (the pure blessed ones) [?ayığ]ların bastılar ‘have suppressed their evil (desires)’ TT III 121; o.o. M II, 11, 12, TT II 17, 72-5 (ıy-): Bud. (fold three fingers in the palm of the hand and) uluğ erŋek üze bas ‘press the thumb on them’ TT V 12, 120; o.o. TT VI 254-5, etc. (ıy-): Civ. tamğalarımıznı basıp ‘impressing our seals’ USp. 21, 10-11; a.o. TT I 97-8 (tıŋ): Xak. xi anı: bürt basdı: caṯama ‘alayhi’l-cāṯūm ‘he had a nightmare’; and one says beg e:l basdı: ‘the beg oppressed (qahara) the province and treated it as if he were crushing it’ (caṯama ‘alayhi); and one says begni: yağı: basdı: ‘the enemy (etc.) made a night attack on the beg’ (bayyata’l-amīr); and one says er kı:zığ basdı: ‘the man copulated with (taṣannama) the servant girl’; and one says ıt keyikni: basdı: ‘the dog caught the wild animal and brought it down’ (axaḏa . . . fa-ṣara‘ahu) Kaş. II 10 (basa:r, basma:k); five o.o.: KB bodun basğuka ‘in order to keep the people in order’ 217; (it takes a lion) bu kulan basğuka ‘to bring down this wild ass’ 284; özin basğan er ‘a man who controls himself’ 965; o.o. 1053, etc.: xiii(?) Tef. waṭi’a ‘to tread underfoot’ bas- 91: xiv Muh. ğamaza wa dāsa ‘to press, trample on’ ba:ṣ- Mel. 29, 9; bas- Rif. 113; al-daws baṣmak 34, 12; 119: Çağ. xv ff. bas- baṣ- Vel. 128; bas- is one of the words used in phr. (alfāẓ-i müşteraka) with a special meaning in each case; e.g. köŋül bas- dil-ārām giriftan ‘to take away (a man’s) peace of mind’; düşman bas- ‘to conquer (ğālib şudan) an enemy’; may bas- and uyku bas- ‘to be overcome (mağlūb şudan) by wine or sleep’; ayağ bas- ‘to put (guḏāştan) one’s foot on something’; muhr bas- ‘to impress a seal’; toz bas- ‘to lay (furū giriftan) the dust’; and kayğu: bas- ‘to overcome grief’ San. 121v. 18 (quotns.): Xwar. xiii(?) Oğ. 24-5 (1 emgek): xiv bas- ‘to tread on’ MN 226: Kom. xiv bas- ‘to crush’, etc. CCG; Gr. 51 (quotns.): Kıp. xiii kabasa ‘to make a surprise attack’ baṣ- Hou. 30, 5; 23, 5; dāsa mina’l-daws baṣ- do. 40, 5: xiv baṣ- ṣara‘a, and in the Kitāb Beylik baṣ- dāsa İd. 32: xv baṣ- baṭaḥa ‘to flatten’, aw dāsa aw kabasa Kav. 10, 9; o.o. do. 75, 4; 77, 16; dāsa baṣ- Tuh. 15b. 13; darasa ‘to annihilate’ (etc.) (yanş- and) baṣ- do. 16a. 9: Osm. xiv ff. bas- in a wide range of meanings, c.i.a.p. TTS I 75; II 107; III 67; IV 75.
