𐰚𐰅𐰤
ken
Meaning:
later, afterwards; after
ken functions both as an adverb “later, afterwards” and as a postposition “after”. The postposition normally follows a locative form, as in anta ken “after that”, although ablative constructions also occur. It is interpreted as an old instrumental formation with -n from the unattested directional base *ke “back, behind”. The related kedin, kesrä and kerü are separate formations.
Alternative spellings:
𐰚𐰃𐰤
Examples
Translations
German:
später, danach; nach
Russian:
позже, затем; после
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
sonra, daha sonra; -dan sonra
Turkish (Türkiye):
sonra, daha sonra; -den sonra
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 160a, *kenp. 160a, *ken
*ken ‘after’ [cf. CL 724b]; keninčä ‘slowly, leisurely’ (TZ ar. رُوَيْدًا, مَهْلًا) | kenki ‘successor’ (QT3 ar. خَلِيفَة) | kenik= ‘to lag behind’ (QT3) | keniktür= ‘to postpone’ (QT3) | keniktürül= ‘to be postponed’ (QT3) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 363a, ¹kenp. 363a, ¹ken
¹ken nachdem, später, (Postp. mit Lok.) nach, nachdem || -dan sonra (lokatifle birlikte sontakı olarak), sonra, son; künftig, spätere(r, -s) || gelecekteki, sonraki; das Folgende, das Spätere || sonraki
ken arkun später und in Zukunft || sonra ve gelecekte
ken ažundakı zu einer künftigen Existenz gehörig || gelecek varlıktaki
ken käligmä zukünftig || gelecek zamandaki
ken käligmä üdki zukünftig, zur Zukunft gehörig || gelecek zamandaki
ken käligmä üdki amtıkı zukünftig und gegenwärtig || gelecek ve günümüz
ken käligmä üdtä in der Zukunft || gelecekte
ken käligmä üdtäki zukünftig || gelecek zamandaki
ken kälir üd Zukunft || gelecek
ken kälir üdün in Zukunft || gelecekte
ken kältäči zukünftig || gelecek zamandaki
ken soŋkı das Spätere₂ || sonraki₂
ken temin erst später || sonra
ken tüpintä schließlich, am Ende || sonunda
ken üdki čöp nom trüber Dharma der späteren Zeit || geç zamanki bulanık Dharma
ken yänä später dann, nachdem … dann || daha sonra, sonra … -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicp. 402, §4.21, case government of kenpp. 332–333, §3.32, derivational analysis of postpositionsp. 402, §4.21, case government of ken
We have found ablatival instances even for ken ‘after’, which is practically always (and very often) attested with the locative: There is andïn ken ‘thereupon’ in TT VII 28,47, tïdmaktïn ken tugdačï nomlarïg ‘after restraining the principles which will emerge’ in Abhi 3597 and 3598. Examples with the locative are mintä ken (M I 29,16; 30,17) ‘after me’, anta ken (TT II,1 30 and elsewhere) ‘thereafter’, tör[t] burxanlarta ken (Pothi 66) ‘after the four prophets’ or yïgïlmïšta ken (MaitrH XX 1r10) ‘after having assembled’. pp. 332–333, §3.32, derivational analysis of postpositionsStill other postpositions come from nominals: üzä ‘over; by (the use of), on the part of’ is apparently related to üstün ‘above’; alternately, it may come from a noun attested only in the Codex Comanicus (and possibly in Chuvash) with an obsolete variant of the dative case suffix (thus T. Tekin) or directive-locative +rA with subsequent zetacism. birlä ‘(together) with’ comes from bir ‘one’ with the adverbial suffix +lA; in later Old Turkic sources, birlä can lose its /r/ and/or be expanded with the instrumental suffix to give bi(r)län. öƾi+n is another postposition expanded with the instrumental. The instrumental case suffix is no doubt to be found also in ken ‘after’, which is related to kedin, kesrä, kerü, keþ and keþä. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 724b, D 2 ké:n (g-)p. 724b, D 2 ké:n (g-)
D 2 ké:n (g-) Instr. f. of *ké:; a very old word normally used as an Adv., or Postposition, meaning ‘behind (of place), after (of time)’, but sometimes declined as a N., its origin having been forgotten. More or less syn. w. kédin, q.v.; it is more prob. that modern words like NE ki:n are survivals of that word than of this. Türkü viii ff. (at first there is a little pain in this omen) kén yana: edgü: bolu:r ‘later it becomes good again’ IrkB 57: Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A (the 512th year) bardukında kén ‘after (Mani) went (to heaven)’ M I 12, 15: Man. mende kén ‘after me’ M I 29, 16; andada kén ‘after that’ M II 7, 15; a.o. TT III 66—kéninte ‘thereafter’ III 149; IX 47, 116: Bud. Sanskrit paścād ‘thereafter’ kén (so spelt) TT VIII G.16; a.o. U II 5, 12; anda kén PP 68, 2; sakınmışta kén ‘after thinking’ TT V 6, 16; kén keligme ödlerde ‘in future’ Suv. 138, 14; 139, 7 etc.—Sanskrit ante ‘finally’ kénende TT VII D.25; eŋ kéninde IV 12, 54: Civ. kén is common in USp. in such phr. as bükünde kén ‘from now onwards’ 45, 8; tişi kişi kén ağrığlığ bolsar ‘if a woman becomes ill after that’ (i.e. after using certain remedies) H I 121–2. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 246a–b, *käδ, *keðp. 246a–b, *käδ, *keð
*käδ, *keδ: uig. (Gab.) kid ’Ende, hinten’, mtü. kid ’Ende, Ausgang einer Sache’, čag. kät ’der hintere Teil’ (> čuv. kaj ’das hinten Befindliche’), KB. čag. kädin, kidin, uig. (Gab.) kin ’später, hinter’, kzk. kej-in id., kzk. oir. tel. leb. kīn, küär. šor. käzin, sag. kč. koib. kezin, hak. kizin ’задний’, jak. kälin (~ känj-ä, kännä) ’задний’, ’запад’ (pro *kätin); jak. kät-äχ ’Hinterkopf’; jak. kädäj, käd-ir-gi ’назад’; Dir. tar. käj-re ’wohin’, bar. käj-rä ’zurück’; atü. uig. ke-rü ’zurück’, kom. käjri, osm. geri id. (< *käδ-rü); kyrz. (J.) kedrä ’Westen’ (< *ked-gärü; Gegenteil: ič-kär ’Osten’ < ič-kärü eig. ’nach Innen’)
~ mo. (KWb. 131) gädä ’zurück’ (> soj. kädä ’задняя сторона’)
