𐰽𐰉
sāv
Meaning:
word, speech
sa:v has a broad semantic range centered on communicated verbal content: “word, speech, statement, message, report, story, proverb”. Clauson (1972) suggests that it often denotes a fuller utterance than söz, but this is not a strict opposition: the meanings overlap substantially, and the two words also occur together as söz sav.
The first vowel was probably long historically; comparative Turkic evidence supports *sāb.
Expressions:
Synonyms:
Examples
Translations
German:
Wort, Rede
Russian:
слово, речь
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
söz-sov, söz
Turkish (Türkiye):
söz
Bibliography 3
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Международная Тюркская Академия (2016) Древнетюркский словарь508508SAB слово, речь
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Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish782782
sa:v ‘a speech’, etc.; the difference between this word and sö:z, if it is not simply one of chronology or dialect (sö:z is rather rare in the early period), seems to be one of quantity; sa:v seems to mean ‘a (full-length) speech; a narrative or story, a message’, while sö:z seems to mean basically ‘a single word, or short utterance’. Very common in the earlier period, but not noted after xiv except in the Hend. söz sav. Türkü viii sav is common, esp. in T; it is used (1) of Bilge: Xağan’s address to his people, e.g. bu savımın eḏgü:ti: eşid ‘listen carefully to this speech of mine’ I S 2; a.o.o.; (2) of speeches or representations, e.g. Tavğaç bodun savı: süçig ‘the Chinese people’s words are honeyed’ I S 5, II N 4; (3) of a report or narrative, e.g. körüğ savı: antağ ‘the spy’s report was as follows’ T 9; (4) of a message, e.g. sav ança: ıdmış ‘they sent the following message’ T 9: viii ff. eḏgü: söz sav elti: kelir ‘he comes bringing good news’ IrkB 7, 11; kul savı: ‘the slave’s speech’ (is addressed to his master), kuzğun savı: ‘the raven’s words’ (are a prayer to heaven) do. 54; savlar ‘a statement’ (of the qualities of the seven planets and five kinds of jewels) Toyok 4 (ETY II 57); Tun. IIIa. 2 (ETY II 94; tanukluğ); a.o.o.: Man. sav éltip sav kelürüp ‘carrying messages to and fro’ Chuas. 104-5; anıŋ savın alıp ‘accepting his preachings’ do. 137; yumşağ savı sözi ‘their mild words’ M III 20, 7 (i): o.o. do. 33-4 (çulvu:), 199; TT II 10, 77-8: Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A M I 15, 2 (ögek): 18, 3 (i) (adır-); 19, 14 (tanukla:-): Bud. Sanskrit katham ‘statement’ sa:vığ TT VIII A.21; vādam ditto do. G.17; a.o. do. E.49; bu sav eşidip ‘hearing this statement’ PP 61, 2; ötüg sav ‘petition’ do. 15, 7; a.o. do. 76, 2; savığ sözüğ (the second later deleted) ‘statement’ TT X 26; a.o. Hüen-ts. 2040 (1 öt-); and many o.o.: Civ. in TT I the standard formula is (if such-and-such an omen is received) savın inça ayur ‘it gives the following message’ 14, 32, 44, etc.; türk savında ‘among Turkish proverbs’ VII 42, heading: Xak. xi sa:v al-maṯal ‘a proverb’, hence one says savda: mundağ kelir ‘there is a proverb which says’; sa:v al-qiṣṣa ‘a story, narrative’; sa:v al-ḥikāya ditto; sa:v al-risāla ‘a message’; sa:v al-kalām ‘a statement’; sa:v al-anbā’ wa’l-aḥādīṯ ‘news, reports’; hence the Prophet (al-nabī) is called sa:vçı: because he gives news, tells stories, delivers messages, and quotes proverbs Kaş. III 154 (verse); about 12 o.o.: KB (I have heard of his fame, wisdom, and understanding and) siliğ savını ‘his pure utterances’ 527; a.o. 973 (egsü:-); öt sav/öt sav erig ‘advice’ is common, see 1 öt: xiii(?) Tef. ḥadīṯ ‘traditional story’ sav 257: Kıp. xiv şaw al-da‘wā ‘claim, petition’ İd. 61: Osm. xiv ff. söz sav see sö:z; xiv sav ‘story, news’; in two texts TTS I 603. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen391391---
