𐱃𐰉𐰽𐰍𐰣

tavışgan

Meaning:
hare

The word's analysis is disputed: a reconstructed verb *tavış- ‘to run’ has been proposed as its base, but an early Turkic grammatical tradition explicitly treated -ğan here as non-derivational.

Alternative spellings:
𐾀𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽺
تَڤِشْغانْ

Word family

In modern languages

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen towşan
Turkish (Azerbaijan) dovşan
Turkish (Türkiye) tavşan
Salar tōşen
Gagauz tavşan
Crimean tawşan
Uyghur toşqan
Uzbek tovuşqon
Kazakh The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Nogai tavşan
Siberian Tatar The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Kyrgyz The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Altai The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Alan The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Kumyk tawşan
Tatar The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Bashkir The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Tıva The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Khakas The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) tabısxān
Khalaj dovuşğān
Chuvash The cognate has disappeared from this language.

Examples

Irıq Bitig
1
Tonyuquq
1

Translations

German:
Hase
Russian:
заяц
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
dovşan
Turkish (Türkiye):
tavşan

  • Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen: Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü: Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe p. 685
    tavıšgan Hase || tavşan; Name eines zyklischen Jahres || dönemsel bir yıl adı; Name eines zyklischen Tages || dönemsel bir gün adı
    tavıšgan ažunı Hasenexistenz || tavşan varlık şekli
    tavıšgan koyn toŋuz Hase, Schaf und Schwein || tavşan, koyun ve domuz
    tavıšgan kün Hasen-Tag (zyklische Datierung) || tavşan günü (periyodik tarih sisteminde)
    tavıšgan meyisi Hasenhirn || tavşan beyni
    tavıšgan öti Hasengalle || tavşan safrası
    tavıšgan tamgalıg Der mit dem Hasensiegel (Epitheton des Mondes) (Skt. śaśāṅka) || tavşan damgalı (ayın lakabı) (Skt. śaśāṅka)
    tavıšgan tüüsi Hasenhaare || tavşan tüyü
    tavıšgan yıl Hasenjahr (Datierung) || tavşan yılı (tarihlendirme)
    tavıšgan yıllıg … kiši im Hasenjahr geborene Person || tavşan yılında doğan kişi
  • Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages pp. 1408–1409
    *t῾ḕbà to run: Tung. *tēb-; Mong. *tawlai; Turk. *tabɨĺgan; Jpn. *tapasir-.
    PTung. *tēb- 1 to catch up with 2 to walk behind 3 to run in leaps (1 догонять 2 идти позади кого-л. 3 бежать прыжками): Evk. tēwul- 1; Evn. tewut- 2; Ud. tau-mäna- 4.
    ◊ ТМС 2, 172, 226.
    PMong. *tawlai hare (заяц): MMong. taulai (HY 11, SH), taulaj, tulaj (MA), tāwalai (Lig.VMI); WMong. taulai, tulai (L 788); Kh. tūlaj; Bur. tūlaj; Kalm. tūlǟ, tūlā; Ord. tūlǟ; Mog. ZM itoulä (21-1); Dag. tauĺē (Тод. Даг. 166), tauĺ; Dong. taulei, taoləi; Bao. toli; S.-Yugh. tūlī; Mongr. tǖlī (SM 430), tolī.
    ◊ KW 413, MGCD 649, TMN 1, 276. Mong. > Evk. tōlai, see Doerfer MT 126.
    PTurk. *tabɨĺgan hare (заяц): OTurk. tabɨšɣan (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. tavɨšɣan (MK, IM), tavšan (IM); Tur. tawšan; Gag. tawšan; Az. dowšan; Turkm. towšan; Sal. tōšen (ССЯ); Khal. dovušɣan; MTurk. tawušqan (Sangl., Abush.); Uzb. tọšqan; Uygh. tošqan; Krm. tawšan; KKalp. tawšan; Kum. tawšan; Nogh. tawšan; SUygh. tōsqan; Yak. tabɨsxan.
    ◊ VEWT 453, EDT 447, Щербак 1961, 136, Лексика 164.
    PJpn. *tapasir- to run (бежать): OJpn. tapasir- (tabasir-).
    ◊ The word is traditionally analysed as ta- (pref.) + pasir- ‘run’ (v. sub *p῾ĺo), but no prefix ta- seems to be attested. The original stem *tapas- (= Turk. *tabɨĺ-) must have been secondary influenced by *pasir- ‘run’.
    ‖ EAS 109, KW 413, Владимирцов 255, Poppe 13, 44, 77, Новикова 1972, 123-124, Лексика 164, Miller 1970, 128, JOAL 118. Both in Turk. and Mong. there exist also verbal roots (PT *tabɨĺ- ‘to run’, e. g. Chag. tauš-, tawuš- etc.; WMong. tauli-, taɣuli- ‘to chase, pursue’, see EAS 109, TMN 1, 276, 2, 616). Despite TMN 1, 277, Щербак 1997, 151, one can hardly speak about borrowing in Mong. from Turkic.
  • Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish 447
    (D) tavışğa:n ‘hare’; an old animal name ending in -ğa:n. This word has a very long history; it was a pre-viii l.-w. in Kitan as (PU) taoli, see V. S. Starikov and V. M. Nedelyaev, Predvaritel'noe soobshchenie o deshifrovke kidanskogo pis'ma, Moscow, 1964, p. 10, fr. which it passed into Mong. as taolai (Haenisch 145); these words represent, of course, the L/R Turkish form *tavılğa:n. It was one of the animals of the twelve-year cycle in Turkish and Mong. Survives in SE Türki tawşkan, etc. Jarring, p. 297, and in several SC, NW, SW languages, see Shcherbak, p. 136. The SW Az. form is dovşan and in Osm. and Tkm. both t- and d- are noted, the former prevailing; initial d- is therefore improbable. In other languages the word for ‘hare’ is koyan (?koḏan). See Doerfer II 966. Türkü viii keyik yeyü tavışğan yeyü ‘eating wild game and hares’ T 8: viii ff. IrkB 44 (üŋüş-): Uyğ. viii tavışğan yıl ‘in the Hare Year’ Şu. E 8: viii ff. Civ. tavışğan (once spelt tavıçğan in TT VII) ‘Hare (year, day, etc.)’ occurs in USp. 86, 87, 108; TT VIII P.1, 36 and is common in TT VII; hare’s gall-bladders, brains, and hair (for burning) occur in prescriptions in H I 25, 89, 116: xiv Chin.-Uyğ. Dict. ‘hare’ tavışğan Ligeti 261: Xak. xi tavışğa:n al-arnab ‘hare’: tavışğa:n yılı: ‘one of the twelve years in Turkish: tavuşğa:n (sic) ögüz the name of a river which flows past (‘alā) the town of Uç Kaş. I 513; in I 525, 25 tavuşğa:n (sic) is given as an example of a Common Noun in which -ğa:n is not a Dev. Suff.: xiv Muh. al-arnab (ko:-ya:n in text; in margin) ṭawşa:n Mel. 72, 10; tavışka:n (-f-) Rif. 175; sanatu’l-arnab ṭawışğa:n yı:lı: 80, 19; ṭavışğa:n (-f-) yı:lı: 186: Çağ. xv ff. tawuşkan ‘the animal called ṭavşan Vel. 180; tawuşkan xargūş ‘hare’; also the name of one of the Turkish years; abbreviated form tawşan San. 165v. 20: Tkm. xiii al-arnab ṭawşa:n Hou. 11, 5: Kıp.(?) xiv ditto . . . also called dawuşağan (so vocalized) Bul. 10, 6: xv ditto ṭawşa:n Kav. 62, 7; Tuh. 4b. 8 (and see koyan).
  • M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen p. 453a
    *tabuškan atü. tabyšγan ‘Hase’, uig. tawyškan, tawyšγan, mtü. IM. tawyšγan, čag. tavuškan, otü. tar. toškan, Hts. trkm. tavšan, osm. tavšan, davšan, az. dušan, tar. dojšan, jak. tabysχan; *tūškan (> russ. тушкан ‘Steppenhase’; protobulg. Pritsak, Fürstenl. 57–8 *dvalan)
    ~ mo. (KWb. 413) taulai ‘Hase’ (> tel. tulaj, jak. tūlaj)
    Vgl. chin. tao ‘Hase’
    LTS 126–127; anders Bang, Turan 1918: 298; Gombocz, KSz 13: 16