𐱅𐰃𐰘𐰤
teyin
Meaning:
saying; with the words; in order to; because
The quotative construction can report speech or thought and can also express purpose or cause. These uses extend the quotation strategy rather than requiring a different conjunction for each function.
Examples
Translations
German:
sagend; mit den Worten; damit; weil
Russian:
говоря; со словами; чтобы; потому что
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
deyə; deyərək; üçün; çünki
Turkish (Türkiye):
diye; diyerek; için; çünkü
Bibliography 2
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Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkic§4.7, p. 507 (extended quotative uses of teyin and tep)§3.286, p. 316 (discussion of -(X)yXn and teyin)§4.7, p. 507 (extended quotative uses of teyin and tep)
In section 4.636 we dealt with sentences which, as objects of teyin and tep, have the content of final clauses; in section 4.635 we quoted an Orkhon Turkic causal clause introduced by teyin. Uygur tep and inscriptional teyin had such extended adjunct uses as ‘in order to’, ‘for the purpose of’ or even ‘because’; Orkhon Turkic instances are listed in Tekin 1968: 380-382. Especially worth noting is the sentence beriyä þugay yïš t2w̋g2l2t2(w̋)n2 yazï konayïn tesär türk bodun ölsüküg (KT S7 and BQ N5) ‘If you intend to settle the Shi-hui mountain forest and the T. plain, oh Turk people, you might die’, where I have translated tewith ‘to intend’. It is not that the converbs tep and teyin became conjunctions for various tasks but rather that the quotation strategy was put to such wide use. §3.286, p. 316 (discussion of -(X)yXn and teyin)There is a converb form in -(X)yXn,513 attested four times in runiform inscriptions, beside te-yin ‘saying; in order to, etc.’, of which there are nearly forty examples. -yXn and -(A)yXn are other possible shapes for this suffix; the former is preferred by Doerfer 1993: 26. This great number of examples for this particular form, in Uygur replaced by te-p with a different converb suffix, is not surprising: It reminds us of Republican Turkish diye which, in the same functions as Orkhon Turkic teyin and Uygur tep, underwent petrification.514 Among the other -(X)yXn forms we find süƾgülüg kandan käl(i)y(i)n sürä eltdi? ‘Where did armed (men) come from to drive (you) away?’ (KT E23) and kara bodun tur(u)y(u)n xagan atadï, täƾridä bolmïš el etmiš bilgä xagan atadï (Tariat S5; similarly S4) ‘He named him kaghan in the presence of the common people and gave him the title of “... kaghan”’. This form is different from the previously mentioned ones in that it can be negated: -mAyXn is found, e.g., in türk bodun xanïn bolmayïn / bulmayïn tavgaþda adrïltï. ‘Not being with’ or ‘not finding its khan, the Turk nation separated from China’ (Tuñ 2).515 -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 433b–434a, s.v. te:- (complete containing entry)pp. 433b–434a, s.v. te:- (complete containing entry)
te:- (de:-) specifically ‘to say’, not ‘to speak’, which is ay- or sözle:-; in the early period necessarily accompanied by words in oratio recta; in some cases the words spoken are followed by tep leading up to some other word; tep tedi is common in Uyğ. Bud., e.g. TT V. The word does not necessarily imply actual utterance, and in phr. like tep sakıntım, T thought that’, tep is barely more than inverted commas expressed as a word. In course of time te:- came to be used in various idioms without words in oratio recta, e.g. SW Osm. demek ki ‘that means that . . .’ and Türkcede buna ne dersiniz ‘what do you call this in Turkish ?’ S.i.a.m.l.g. w. initial d- even in languages which have few initial d-s ;the only exceptions are those languages like Xakas which devoice all initial plosives, even b-. Türkü VIII te:- ‘to say’, spelt indiscriminately t6:- and te:- even in the same line, is very common; one unusual form used as a kind of written inverted comma is generally transcribed teyin/teyin, but in fact it seems to be a Participle replacing *tegen and should be transcribed teyen: viii ff. te:-, usually spelt te-, occasionally te- is common in IrkB, other documents, and Man. texts: Uyğ. viii te:-, so spelt, is common in Şu.: viii ff. Man.-A; Man.; Bud. and Civ. te-, so spelt, is common; in TT VIII except for one example of tiand one doubtful one of te-, it is consistently spelt te:-: Xak. xi ol mapa: andağ te:di: kadd qala li ‘this is what he said to me’ Kaş. Ill 247 (te:r, te:me:k); many 0.0.: KB teis common, esp. in such phr. as negü ter eşitgil ‘hear what (so-and-so) says’ followed by a passage in oratio recta 216, etc.: xiii( ?) At. te-, ‘to say’, in some MSS. te-, is common; Tef. te- ‘to say’ (with the words spoken); to call (something Dat., something); also in the phr. tep ay- ‘to say’ (with the words spoken) is very common 291: Çağ. xv ff. de- guftan ‘to say’ San. 227r. 7 (quotns.; listed among words beginning with dey-jdiy-; it is explained that this has been done, although the yd in de- merely represents -e-, since the der. f.s are spelt deyil-, deyiş-): Xwar. xm de- 'Ali 5 ff., 26: xiii(?) te- (perhaps to be transcribed de-) is common in Oğ., esp. in the phr. tep tedi: xiv te- Qutb 176; de- MN 77, etc.; te47, etc.: Kom. xiv the normal word for ‘to say’ is ayt- (ayıt-), but dep/dey following quotns. are common, other forms very rare CCG; Gr. 81 (quotns., q.v.): Kip. xm qala (ayt-, and one says) de:- Hou. 43, 3: Tkm. xiv dedi: qala; and one says ne: dedi: ‘what did he say ?’; Imperat. de (spelt deh) Id. 48 (the last words to distinguish this V. fr. did- (tit-)): Kip. xv qala (ayt- and) de- Tuh. 29b. 12; in 82b. it is said that the normal word for ‘to say’ is ayt-, but in some dialects (?Tkm.) de-/de-: Osm. xiv ff. de- is c.i.a.p., but TTS lists only the Ger. deyii (often spelt deyii) for written inverted commas I 200; II 291; III 190; IV 217.
