𐱃𐰆𐰺-
tur-
Meaning:
to stand
Examples
Translations
German:
stehen
Kazakh:
turw
Kyrgyz:
turuu
Russian:
стоять
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
durmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
durmak
Turkmen:
durmak
Uzbek:
turmoq
Bibliography 4
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Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 758p. 758
1tur- stehen, sich aufhalten, verweilen, innehalten, bleiben, wohnen || durmak, bulunmak, ara vermek, kalmak, oturmak, ikâmet etmek; (mit Abl.) sich erheben || (ayrılma hâliyle) kalkmak, çıkmak; bestehen || var olmak; einstehen (für j-n) || (birisi için) kefil olmak; (mit Abl.) entstehen aus || (bir şeyden) meydana gelmek; ausstehen || eksik olmak; Hilfsverb: ständig tun, dabei sein, etwas zu tun || yardımcı fiil: sürekli yapmak, orada bulunmaya devam etmek
tur- ornan- sich aufhalten2, verweilen2 || durmak2
tur- säril- verweilen2, innehalten2 || durmak2, ara vermek2
turguluk oron Aufenthaltsort || ikametgâh
turmıš törö feststehendes Gesetz || sabit yasa
turup käl- plötzlich lebendig werden || aniden canlanmak -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 404p. 404
*čra to stand: Tung. *ǯur-; Turk. *dur-; Jpn. *tàt-; Kor. *čàrí.
PTung. *ǯur- to stand still (стоять (спокойно, молча)): Evn. ǯụr-ụl-.
◊ ТМС 1, 278. Attested only in Evn., but having probable external parallels.
PTurk. *dur- to stand (стоять): OTurk. tur- (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. tur- (MK, KB); Tur. dur-; Gag. dur-; Az. dur-; Turkm. dur-; Sal. dɨr-; Khal. tur-; MTurk. tur- (Pav. C.); Uzb. tur-; Uygh. tur-; Krm. tur-; Tat. tor-; Bashk. tor-; Kirgh. tur-; Kaz. tur-; KBalk. tur-; KKalp. tur-; Kum. tur-; Nogh. tur-; SUygh. dur-; Khak. tur-; Shr. tur-; Oyr. tur-; Tv. tur-; Tof. dur-; Chuv. tъₙr-; Yak. tur-; Dolg. tur-.
◊ VEWT 500, EDT 529–530, ЭСТЯ 3, 296–301, Stachowski 232. Turk. > WMong. toru- ‘get smwh., arrive smwh.’ (KW 402).
PJpn. *tàt- to stand (стоять): OJpn. tat-; MJpn. tàt-; Tok. tát-; Kyo. tàt-; Kag. tàt-.
◊ JLTT 765.
PKor. *čàrí seat; place, location (сиденье; место, расположение): MKor. čàrí; Mod. čari.
◊ Liu 642, KED 1377.
‖ АПиПЯЯ 101, 277. Korean has a “verbal” low tone, showing that the noun is a deverbative (although the original verb is not attested). -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish529-530529-530
1 tur- (? d-) ‘to stand’, both in the sense of ‘to stand upright’ and ‘to stand still’ with various extended meanings. From an early date it was also used as an Aux. V. following a Gerund in -u:/-ü:, -p or -ğalı:/-ğeli: with different shades of meaning, but usually ‘to continue to (do something)’. From a date as early at least as Uyğ. Chr. the Aor. turur, later abbreviated to tur/dur, etc., but no other part of the V. was used as a copula meaning ‘is’ and so replacing erür. C.i.a.p.a.l.; in SW Az., Osm. dur- in Tkm. both tur- and dur-; as the vowel is short in Tkm., Kaş.’s alternative form tu:r- is prob. an error or dialect form. Most Turkish grammars and some diets. discuss the various idiomatic uses of this V. at great length. Türkü viii anta: kalmışı: yer sayu: kop turu: ölü: yorıyu:r ertiğ ‘those of you who remained there all went to all sorts of countries and stayed or died (there)’ I S 9, II N 7; the only other occurrence is [gap] turu: [gap] Ix. 21: viii ff. tur- ‘to stand still, remain’, and the like occurs 10 times in IrkB e.g. üze: tuman turdı: asra: toz turdı: ‘the mist was stationary (or rose ?) above and the dust below’ 15; kamşayu: uma:tı:n turu:r ‘stands still unable to move’ 16, 25, 37, 39; a.o. 28 (1 e:l): Man. üze on kat kök asra segiz (sic) kat yer beş teŋri üçün turur ‘above the heavens in ten layers and beneath the earths in eight layers remain stationary for the sake of the five gods’ Chuas. 42-4: Uyğ. viii [gap] turup Şu. S 6 perhaps the end of a longer word: viii ff. Man.-A turmış kergek erür ‘they must remain’ M I 24, 3; (may our bodies) bütünin katığın tursun ‘remain whole and strong’ do. 28, 26: Man. yalınlayu turur tamutın ozdılar ‘they have escaped from the continuously flaming hell’ TT III 135; tekip (for tegip) turur ‘continues to reach’(?) do. IX 59: Chr. (the star) şük turdı ‘stood still’ U I 6, 9; kötürü umatı:n turur ‘stands still unable to carry it’ do. 8, 6-7; (the flame rose and) kök kalıkka tegi turur erdi ‘stood erect right up to the firmament’ do. 8, 14—bu taş ertigü ağır turur ‘this stone is extremely heavy’ do. 8, 4-5: Bud. yokaru turğalı ‘to stand up’ PP 19, 5; yeti kün turup ‘halting for seven days’ do. 31, 4; ığlamağ turup ‘stop weeping and stand up’ do. 60, 1; ınça tursun ‘thus may they remain’ TT IV 12, 42: korayu tursun ‘may they continuously diminish’ do. 12, 45; a.o.o.: Civ. (the birds) uçu umatı:n turdı ‘stood still unable to fly’ TT I 24; busuş kadğu belgüsi eŋire turur ‘manifestations of grief and distress continuously surround you’ do. 79; evde tursar ‘if one stays at home’ VII 28, 33-44; a.o.o.—in the late texts in USp. there are several occurrences of -p turur e.g. bolup turur ‘there is’; erk tutup turur ‘are taking control’ 21, 7-8: Xak. xi er yoka:ru: turdı: ‘the man (etc.) stood up’ (qāma); and one says tuman turdı: ‘the fog rose’ (hāja) (turur, turma:k); turur this Aor. (ğābir) verb is used without Perf. or Infin. and means huwa ‘is’, e.g. one says ol ta:ş turur ‘that is a stone’ and ol kuş turur ‘that is a bird’; this is a copula in the sentence (ṣila fi’l-kalām) comparable to Ar. yanbağī which has neither Perf. nor Infin. Kaş. II 6: (in the section for Mon. V. with long vowels) er yoka:ru: tu:rdı: (same translation) (tu:rur, tu:rma:k); tu:rur a Future (mustaqbal) verb without Perf. or Infin. like Ar. yada‘ and yaḏar; it indicates the stability (? or truth? qarār) of something, or its existence or position at the time of speaking (fi ḥālati’l-ḏikr iyyāhu); hence one says ol evde: turur ‘he is’ (imdir) ‘in the house’, not meaning that he is standing up (al-qiyām), and er sökel turur ‘the man is ill’, not standing up III 180; tur- is very common and turur fairly common as both are used in grammatical sections; in phr. like şük tur uskut ‘be silent’, I 335, 13, it means ‘to stand still’ not ‘to stand up’: KB (they were his advisers) birle turup ‘staying with him’ 49; (good fortune) kapuğda turur ‘stands at the door’ 100; evindin turup çıktı ‘he stood up and left his house’ 486; o.o. with the same range of meanings are common, 538, 541, 1296 (tur-a), etc.: xii(?) KBVP (every country has given this book a different name) ol elniŋ bögüsi hakimi turup ‘the sages and wise men of the country stood up’ (and gave it a name looking to the local custom) 27: xiii(?) KBPP turur ‘is’ (which seems not to occur in KB) is common both as a copula, e.g. (God who) turur ‘is’ (the Almighty King) 2, and after Participles in -mış/-miş, e.g. arasta kılınmış turur ‘it has been adorned’ 10; At. tur- ‘to stand up’, turur ‘is’, several occurrences; Tef. tur- ‘to stand up, stand still’; -p tur- ‘to do something continuously’ -u:/-ü: tur- ditto; turur ‘is, exists’ 311: xiv Muh. qāma dur- Mel. 30, 4; tur- Rif. 114; waqafa ‘to stand still’ dur- 32, 5; tur- 116; al-qiyām turmak 35, 6; 120; a.o.o.—for ‘is’ Mel. has dur in 11, 12; 16, 1 and tur in 11, 13; turur in 18, 2; Rif. has durur in 93, elsewhere tur/turur: Çağ. xv ff. tur- (-mayın, etc.) dur-, sakın ol- ‘to be stationary’ Vel. 204-7 (quotns.): tur- (‘with -u-’) (1) istādan ‘to stand up’; (2) māndan wa makat kardan ‘to remain, stay, halt’ San. 170r. 13 (quotns., in both authorities the Aor. is turar); tur one of the copulas (rawābiṭ) meaning ast ‘is’; e.g. ketip tur, kelip tur ‘he has gone, he has come’; in this sense also dur do. 172r. 15; dur and durur (but not tur) are mentioned among the rawābiṭ in 16r. 22: Xwar. xiii dur- ‘to remain’ ‘Ali 26: xiii(?) tur- (1) ‘to stand’; (2) as an Aux. V. and turur ‘is’ are common in Oğ.: xiv tur- ‘to stand’ Qutb 186; MN 95, etc.: Kom. xiv tur- ‘to stand, stand up, remain’, and as an Aux. V. and turur/tur/dur/dir/dir as a copula are very common CCI, CCG; Gr. 254-8 (numerous quotns.): Kip. xiii qāma mina’l-wuqūf wa’l-labṯ wa’l-qiyām ‘to halt; to stay, remain; to stand up’ tur- Hou. 43, 4; huwa dur 56, 15: xiv tur- qāma İd. 62; tur ‘is’ do. 23 (anuk); dur a word (lafẓa) which accompanies a statement to emphasize it; in certain contexts the d- is changed (tabaddala) to t-, also durur/turur do. 48; qāma wa waqafa dur- Bul. 71r.: xv qāma tur- Kav. 11, 5; Tuh. 29b. 11; waqafa tur- Tuh. 38b. 6; dir/dur is used for emphasis Kav. 35, 14-15; tur/dur ‘is’ Tuh. 52b. 7; a.o.o. Osm. xiv ff. dur- (occasionally in the early period tur-) in the meanings given above; c.i.a.p. TTS I 230; II 327; III 214; IV 248. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 500p. 500
atü. uig. mtü. usw. tur ‘stehen, aufstehen, stehen bleiben’, ‘sich befinden, leben’, osm. usw. dur, kaz. tər, čuv. tăr, tor; mtü. čag. tura ‘Brustwehr’, KB. oir. usw. tura ‘Haus, Gebäude’; mtü. turaγ ‘Zufluchtsort’; mtü. tur-γu (jir) ‘Aufenthaltsort’, jak. turū (sir), blk. tur-ku ‘Pferch’ (> finn. Turku ‘frühere Hauptstadt von Finnland’, s. Räs., NM 52: 193–4; russ. торг ‘Markt, Handel-, Marktplatz’, anders Vasm. 3: 123–4)
