*𐱃𐰀𐰞-
*tāl-
Meaning:
to dive, plunge into water; to sink
The meaning “to dive, sink” is not securely attested in Old Turkic. The earliest clear evidence for immersion belongs to fourteenth-century Early Middle Turkic; the Old Turkic tal- means “to faint, lose strength”. Whether these are homonymous verbs or a later semantic development is disputed.
A connection with taloy “sea, ocean” has been proposed but is unproven.
Word family
In modern languages (5 / 22)
Select a region to see the cognate.
| Language | Cognate |
|---|---|
| Turkmen | dāl- (dialectal) |
| Turkish (Azerbaijan) | dal- |
| Turkish (Türkiye) | dal- |
| Salar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Gagauz | dal- |
| Crimean | dal- |
| Uyghur | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Uzbek | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kazakh | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Nogai | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Siberian Tatar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kyrgyz | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Altai | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Alan | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kumyk | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Tatar | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Bashkir | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Tıva | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Khakas | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Khalaj | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Chuvash | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
Examples
Translations
German:
tauchen, ins Wasser eintauchen; versinken
Russian:
нырять, погружаться в воду; тонуть
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
suya dalmaq, suya batmaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
suya dalmak, suya batmak
Bibliography 5
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 312a, headword tal=p. 312a, headword tal=
tal= 1. ‘to be/become exhausted’ (QT2, XŠ) / ṭal= (AH-qip, QK, TZ); zamāna̧ talmïš bälgürtmiš ‘an allotted time that is fixed’ (QT2 ar. أجل مسمى); közlärimiz taldï ‘Our eyes grew tired’ (QT3) | talsïn= ‘to be about to faint’ (QAc). tal= 2. ‘to dive’ (KA) / ṭal= (AH-tkm) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 666a, headword ¹tal-p. 666a, headword ¹tal-
¹tal- ohnmächtig niederfallen, ohnmächtig werden || bayılmak
tal- yük- ohnmächtig niederfallen₂, ohnmächtig werden₂ || bayılmak₂ -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagespp. 1361–1362, entry *tḗlapp. 459–460, entry *dāla 'wave, deep place'pp. 1361–1362, entry *tḗla
*tḗla to become loose, faint, tire: Tung. *del(u)-; Turk. *dāl-; Jpn. *tar(a)-; Kor. *tarh-.
PTung. *del(u)- 1 to become faint, dissolve 2 lose consciousness (1 замирать (о звуке), рассеиваться (о дыме) и т.п. 2 терять сознание): Evn. dēl- 1; Nan. delu- 2.
◊ ТМС 1, 231.
PTurk. *dāl- to lose strength, to faint, lose consciousness (терять силы, сознание): OTurk. tal- (OUygh.); Karakh. talɣan ig ‘epilepsy’ (MK); Tur. dal-; Turkm. dāl- (dial.); MTurk. tal- (Abush., Sangl.); Uzb. tɔl-; Uygh. tal-; Krm. tal-; Tat. tal-; Bashk. tal-; Kirgh. tal-, talɨ-; Kaz. tal-; KBalk. tal-; KKalp. tal-; Kum. tal-; Nogh. tal-; Shr. tal-; Oyr. tal-; Tv. dal-; Tof. dal-; Yak. tāl-.
◊ VEWT 457, EDT 490, ЭСТЯ 3, 133–134.
PJpn. *tar(a)- 1 to tire 2 loose, lax, tired 3 to become loose, lax (1 уставать 2 расслабленный, усталый 3 расслабляться): MJpn. tara- 1, 3, taru- 2; Tok. darú- 2, tàrum- 3; Kyo. dárù- 2, tárùm- 3; Kag. darú- 2, tarùm- 3.
◊ JLTT 764, 847. An expressive root with irregular voicing and somewhat unclear accent correspondences.
PKor. *tarh- to tire, wear away (уставать, изнашиваться): MKor. tarh-; Mod. tal- [talh-].
◊ Nam 200, KED 408.
‖ A good common Altaic verbal root.pp. 459–460, entry *dāla 'wave, deep place'*dāla wave, deep place: Tung. *dal-; Mong. *dalaj; Turk. *dāl-; Jpn. *dara.
PTung. *dal- 1 overflow, inundation 2 small wave, jet (1 наводнение, половодье 2 струя, рябь, волны): Neg. dalan 1; Man. dol-čin 2; Ul. dala(n) 1; Nan. dalã 1.
◊ ТМС 1, 193, 214. Rozycki 61 proposes Man. dolčin < Mong. dolgijan (v. sub *čalu), which is hardly possible.
PMong. *dalaj sea, ocean (море, океан): MMong. dalai (HY 3, SH), dalai (MA); WMong. dalai (L 224); Kh. dalaj; Bur. dalaj; Kalm. dalǟ, dalā; Ord. dalǟ; Dag. dalai (Тод. Даг. 134: dalē MD 132); S.-Yugh. dalī; Mongr. dalī, dalǝ (SM 41).
◊ KW 73, MGCD 193, 633. Mong. > Evk. dalai (Doerfer MT 125); Chag. dalaj etc., see TMN 1, 325, VEWT 130).
PTurk. *dāl- 1 to sink 2 ocean (1 погружать(ся) 2 море, океан): OTurk. taluj 2 (Orkh., OUygh.); Tur. dal- 1; Gag. dal- 1; Turkm. dāl- 1 (dial.); MTurk. tal-, dal- 1; Krm. dal- 1; Tat. tal- 1 (dial.); Tv. tal- (Castr.) ‘swim’.
◊ ЭСТЯ 3, 133–134 (to be separated from *Tal- ‘to faint’); EDT 502 (the Chinese etymology of OT taluj seems hardly plausible: the compound MC dâj-lwi is not attested, and we would expect *Tajluj, not *Taluj anyway).
PJpn. *dara sea bottom, deep place (морское дно, глубокое место): OJpn. jara.
‖ Владимировцов 368, Doerfer MT 125. Despite TMN 1, 325, EDT 502 Mong. cannot be < Turkic (initial d- cannot be explained). See notes to *t’ōle. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 490b, entry tal- (d-)p. 490b, entry tal- (d-)
tal- (d-) ‘to lose strength; to lose consciousness, to faint’. S.i.a.m.l.g. with these meanings; SW Osm. dal- also means ‘to be sunk in (thought, sleep, etc.)’, and hence ‘to dive (into water)’. Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. ögsüz bolup talıp ‘becoming insensible and fainting’ U IV 40, 171; o.o. PP 61, 6 (ögsire:-); Suv. 620, 10: Xak. xi talğa:n i:g al-ṣarʿ ‘epilepsy’ (lit. ‘a disease involving frequent fainting’) Kaş. I 438; n.m.e.: (xiii(?) Tef. zama:na talmış belgürtmiş ‘an appointed time’; hard to connect with this verb 283): Çağ. xv ff. tal- yorul- ‘to be exhausted’ Vel. 173 (quotn.): tal- (1) xasta şudan ‘to be infirm, ill’; syn. w. ar-, har-, talık-, tavşal- (the second is a corruption of 1 a:r-; the third and fourth are not early words); (2) fürü raftan ‘to plunge, be plunged’, esp. into water (ba-āb) or in thought (ba-fikr) San. 158r. 10 (quotns.): Xwar. xiv tal- ‘to become exhausted’ Qutb 169: Kip. xiv tal- taʿiba ‘to be or become exhausted’; but in Tkm. it is used for ġaṭasa ‘to dive, plunge’ Id. 65: xv taʿiba tal- Kav. 74, 11; (ar and) tal- Tuh. 9b. 6: Osm. xviii dal- in Rūmi the same as tal- in the meaning ‘to plunge into water, to dive’ San. 224v. 3. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 457b, comparison beginning jak. tālp. 457b, comparison beginning jak. tāl
jak. tāl ‘столбенеть’, ‘приостанавливаться’, uig. tal ‘schwach, ohnmächtig werden’, kom. kaz. usw. tal ‘ermüden, schlaff werden’, čag. osm. krm. dal ‘eingetaucht, versunken sein’; kaz. tal-yk ‘müde werden’, čag. tal-k-a id.
Joki 307–8
