𐰼𐰓𐰢
ärdäm
Meaning:
virtue, capability, heroism, bravery
Etymologically ‘manly qualities’, esp. ‘bravery’, but more commonly used in a broader sense for ‘goodness, virtue, good qualities’ and sometimes applied to things as well as people.
Word family
Formed from 𐰼 [är] “1. man 2. husband 3. male” using -dam².
The suffix -dam2 forms nominals expressing resemblance to or a characteristic of what the base noun denotes, roughly “X-like”.
In modern languages (3 / 22)
Select a region to see the cognate.
| Language | Cognate |
|---|---|
| Turkmen | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Turkish (Azerbaijan) | ərdəm |
| Turkish (Türkiye) | erdem |
| Salar | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Gagauz | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Crimean | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Uyghur | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Uzbek | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Kazakh | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Nogai | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Siberian Tatar | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Kyrgyz | erdem |
| Altai | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Alan | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Kumyk | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Tatar | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Bashkir | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Tıva | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Khakas | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Khalaj | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
| Chuvash | No cognate has been entered for this language yet. |
Examples
Translations
German:
Tugend, Tapferkeit
Russian:
достоинство, геройство, отвага, доблесть, добродетель, способность
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
ərdəm, hünər, fəzilət, mərifət, qəhramanlıq
Turkish (Türkiye):
erdem, kahramanlık, hüner, cesaret, yetenek
Bibliography 3
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Международная Тюркская Академия (2016) Древнетюркский словарь188188ERDÄM 1. достоинство, доблесть, добродетель; 2. доблестный
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Fikret Yıldırım, Erhan Aydın, Risbek Alimov (2013) Yenisey-Kırgızistan Yazıtları ve Irk Bitig501501erdem, eldem kahramanlık (Yen)
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Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish206-207206-207
D erdem Den. N. fr. 1 er; etymologically ‘manly qualities’, esp. ‘bravery’, but more commonly used in a broader sense for ‘goodness, virtue, good qualities’ and sometimes applied to things as well as people. In Uyğ. sometimes appears metathesized as edrem. An early loan-word in Mong. where it was originally used for ‘competence, efficiency, capability’ (Haenisch 44) and later also for ‘wisdom, knowledge’ (Kow. 260, Haltod 60). NE Tuv. ertem ‘knowledge, science’ Pal. 587 is no doubt reborrowed fr. Mong., but SW xx Anat. erdem/erden ‘virtue, excellence’ SDD 542 is a direct survival. See Doerfer II 451. Türkü viii alpı: erdemi: ‘his bravery and manliness’ Ix. 4; o.o. do. 7 and 12: viii ff. erde:m occurs several times in the Toyok doct. (ETY II 57-9) as a technical term for ‘the magical quality, virtue’ of a precious stone: Yen. phr. like erdem üçün and er erdem üçün ‘because of his manly qualities’ are common Mal. 29, 4 and 7 etc.: Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A yeti törlüg erdemte ötrü ‘by means of his (Xormuzda’s) seven kinds of (magic) powers’ M I 15, 17-18: Man. erdem sevinç ‘the special virtue and attractiveness’ (of the Wind God) Wind. 4, 24, 44: Bud. kuan şı ım pusar kutadmak erdemi ‘Kuan-şı ım Bodhisattva’s power to bestow good fortune’ Kuan. 60; similar phr. 71, 218; erdemke (v.l. edremke) tükellig erdiler ‘they were perfected by the (magical) power’ (of the great dhāraṇī) TT VI 352; kentünüŋ yaruk küçlüg bögülüg erdemin (v.l. edremin) ‘by his own bright, strong, magic power’ do. 354; a.o.o.: Civ. otnuŋ edremi ‘the virtue of the remedy’ H II 6, 1: O. Kır. ix ff. erdem and er erdem are common Mal. 2, 3; 5, 1 etc.: Xak. xi erdem al-adab wa’l-manqaba ‘refined manners, merits’ Kaş. I 107 (prov.); II 343, 19 (ögül-); about a dozen o.o. translated al-adab, al-manqaba or both; exceptionally in I 252, 18 translated al-ḥikma wa’l-‘ilm ‘wisdom, knowledge’: KB erdem is fairly common in the same meaning as in Kaş., e.g. (God created man, and chose him) aŋar berdi erdem bilig ög ukuş ‘He gave him refined manners, knowledge, intelligence, and understanding’ 148; similar phr. 278, 465; in 284-5, 672-3, 683 it means ‘merit, virtue’, as opposed to mün ‘defect, vice’: xiii(?) At. aya şahım erdemlerin sanağan ‘oh you, who (try to) count my king’s virtues’ (can you count the grains of sand?) 59: Çağ. xv ff. erdem sipahilik wa silāhşörlük mahārat ‘skill in military matters and the use of arms’ Vel. 51 (quotn.); erdem (spelt) funūn-i furūsiyat wa ādāb-i sipāhikarī ‘the science of chivalry and the military arts’ (quotns.); the Rūmi author (i.e. Vel.) in one place read erdem as eyrüm (spelt) and indexed it under alif maftūḥa and in another place read it as erdem and indexed it under alif maqṣūra, and in both places gave the following quotn. (quoted) as an example; Naşiri followed him and recognized eyrüm and erdem as synonyms, and gave them this meaning; both were in error San. 99v. 3 (the quotn. does in fact occur twice in Vel., but not under erdem, it occurs under eyrüm and ürüm spelt with alif maḍmūma): Xwar. xiv erdem/erdem ‘manliness’ Qutb 21, 51: Kom. xiv ‘virtue, skill’ erdem CCG; Gr.: Kıp. xiv erdem al-faḍīla ‘virtue, excellence’ İd. 11: xv (ṣan‘a ‘art’ peşe (Persian pīşe)); ṣāḥib funūn ‘master of sciences’ (peşekār and) erdem iyesi Tuh. 22a. 6-7; Osm. xiv, xv erlik erdemi ‘manly virtues’ in two texts, and erdem ‘military skill’ in one TTS III 257.
