yïġač² ‘parasang’ (QT₂, QA, MM, NF, XŠ) / yaġač (QT₅) / aġač (IM, MG); On ikki miñ aršun erür bir yïġač ‘Twelve thousand cubits is one parasang’ (MM)
yïġač¹ 1. ‘tree’ (QT₁–₂, QT₄–₅, MA, KA, QA, NF, XŠ, LN) / yaġač (QT₂, QT₅, LN) / ïġač (ON) / aġač (QT₂–₃, MAv, QA, NF, TZ, GUL, CC, TZ, MuG) / aġač̨ (TZ); buġday yïġačï ‘breadfruit tree’ (in Paradise) (QA, NF) | aġač̨lïq ‘forest’ (DM ar. غابة). yïġač¹ 2. ‘stick, post’ / aġač (QT₂, QT₄, IMa, XŠ, GUL, QY) / aġač̨ (QK, TZ). yïġač¹ 3. ‘wood, woodwork’ (MAn, QA) / aġač (CC, KT); agačlar ‘firewood’ (CCb ligna); yïġač qïlïč ‘wooden sword’ (MAn); äyär agačï ‘saddle frame’ (CCb fustum sele); yïġač qurtï ‘woodworm’ (QT₄); aġač yonïčï ‘carpenter’ (IM) | yïġaččï ‘carpenter’ (QT₂, QA) / aġaččï (QT₅) | yïġaččïlïq ‘carpenter’s trade’ (QT₂). yïġač¹ 4. ‘gallows, gibbet’ (QT₂, QA) [transfer of meaning from pers. دار]; uzun yïġač ‘gallows’ (QA); dār yïġačï ‘gallows’ (QT₂)
ıgač ~ ıg(a)č Baum || ağaç; Holz (auch als eines der fünf Elemente), Holz- || ağaç (beş unsurdan biri olarak da kullanılır), ağaç ...; Stamm, Baumstamm || ağaç gövdesi; Holzbrett || tahta; Mast, Balken, Stange || direk, kalas, mertek, sırıkıgač etig Holzkonstruktion || ağaç yapısııgač kadızı Baumrinde || ağaç kabuğuıgač kutlug dem Element Holz zugehörig, mit dem Element Holz || ağaç unsurlu, ağaç unsuruna aitıgač otuŋ Brennholz₂ || yakacak odun₂ıgač sögüt Baum₂ || ağaç₂ıgač yelimi Baumharz || ağaç sakızı, reçineyıgač yultuz der ‚Holz-Stern‘ (scil. Jupiter; nach chin. Zuordnung der Elemente zu den Planeten; Chin. 木星 mu xing) || ‚ağaç yıldızı‘ (yani, Jüpiter; Çin kültüründe elementlerin gezegenlerle eşlenmesine göre; Çince 木星 mu xing)
*p῾[iū̀]ju a k. of tree: Tung. *pōj-, *pōj-ki- ( > *piā-kī-); Mong. *hoj; Turk. *ɨ, *ɨ-(ń)gač; Jpn. *pí; Kor. *pə-.PTung. *pōj-, *pōj-ki- ( > *piā-kī-) 1 birch 2 larch 3 swamp, low forest (1 береза 2 лиственница 3 болото, тундра): Evk. hōj, dial. hēj 3, hê-kī 2; Evn. hǟ-kịta 2; Neg. xê-xi-ta, xê-nakta 2; Man. fa 1; Ul. pê 1; Ork. pê 1; Nan. pêa 1; Sol. oi 3.◊ ТМС 2, 36, 319-320, 330. Despite Poppe 1972, 99, *pōj is hardly borrowed < Mong.PMong. *hoj 1 wood, forest 2 mountain (1 лес 2 гора): MMong. xoi (HY 2, SH) 1; WMong. oi 1; Kh. oj 1; Bur. oj; Kalm. ȫ 1; Ord. öi 1; Dag. oi (Тод. Даг. 159, MD 200) ( < lit.); Dong. xoj 1; Bao. xi 2; Mongr. fɔ (SM 99), xoj (Minghe) 1.◊ KW 303, TMN 1, 541-542.PTurk. *ɨ, *ɨ-(ń)gač tree (1 дерево 2 лес): OTurk. ɨɣač (Orkh., OUygh.) 1; Karakh. jɨɣač (MK) 1; Tur. aɣač 1; Gag. āč 1; Az. aɣač 1; Turkm. aGač 1; Sal. aɣač, -š 1 (ССЯ); Khal. haɣač 1; MTurk. aɣaǯ (Pav. C.) 1; Uzb. jɔɣɔč 1; Uygh. jaɣač 1; Krm. aɣač, -c 1; Tat. aɣač 1; Bashk. aɣas 1; Kirgh. ǯɨɣač 1; Kaz. aɣaš 1, 2; KBalk. aɣač 1, 2; KKalp. aɣaš 1; Kum. aɣač 1, 2; Nogh. aɣas 1, 2; SUygh. jiɣaš 1; Khak. aɣas 1, 2; Shr. aɣaš 1, 2; Oyr. aɣaš 1, 2; Tv. ɨ̯jaš 1, 2; Tof. ńɛš 1; Chuv. jɨvъś 1; Yak. mas 1; Dolg. mas 1.◊ VEWT 7, ЭСТЯ 1, 71-73, TMN 2, 73f, EDT 79-80, Егоров 83, Лексика 104, Stachowski 176. The form contains perhaps PT *ɨ ‘bush, tree’ as the first component (for OT ɨ see EDT 1), cf. the OT combination ɨ ɨɣač; but the second element is yet unclear.PJpn. *pí Japanese cypress (кипарисовик японский): OJpn. pji; MJpn. fí; Tok. hìnoki, hínoki.◊ JLTT 407.PKor. *pə- birch (береза): Mod. pə-n-namu.◊ SKE 199. Cf. also MKor. phí-nàmò, mod. phi-namu (Nam 465, KED 1772) ‘linden tree’.‖ SKE 199 (Turk.-Tung.-Kor.), Цинциус 1984, 37-38, АПиПЯЯ 284, Дыбо 11, Лексика 104. A rather complicated case, because of contractions and compounds. For the second part of the PT compound cf. perhaps Mong. gesi-ɣü(n) ‘branch’. The old compound *p῾iūju-*gVša, beside Turk. *ɨgač, may be reflected in OJ pàjàsi ‘forest’, ТМ *pā(j)k[š]a ‘wood’ (ТМС 2, 311)).
ığaç (ığa:ç) originally ‘tree’, in Uyğ. esp. in the phr. ı: ığaç ‘shrubs and trees’; hence ‘wood (generally), a piece of wood’. At least fr. xi onwards the word was also used for a large unit of linear measurement, conventionally a parasang of 4 or 5 miles, perhaps originally a time-distance measure like ‘an hour’s journey’; it is hard to see any semantic connection between the two meanings. The phonetic history, too, like that of ığla:-, q.v., is complicated. Before xi the form was consistently ığaç but in Xak. became yığaç with a prosthetic y-, which survives only in SC Uzb. yoğoç ‘wood’ (for ‘tree’ Persian daraxt is used) and Çuv., yavăş/yivăç (yavâş, yıvâşsı) Ash. IV 161, 297. In all other modern language groups the form is ağaç, with variations of the -ç in NE, NC. Türkü viii çıntan ığaç kelürüp ‘bringing logs of sandal-wood’ II S 11; at yete: yadağın ığaç tutunu: ağtu:rtım ‘I made the men climb on foot leading their horses and holding on to the trees’ T 25: viii ff. çıntan ığaç üze: olu:ru:pan ‘sitting on a sandal-wood tree’ IrkB 4; o.o. meaning ‘tree’ do. 14, 56: Man. beş törlüg ot ığaç ‘the five kinds of vegetables and trees’ Chuas. 59, 317; ı ığaç M III 14, 12 (i): Uyğ. Man.-A (just as fire) ığaçda ünüp ığaçağ örteyür ‘arises from wood and burns wood’ M I 7, 2; ı ığaç do. 8, 19; 13, 8: Man. ı ığaç M II 12, 5: Bud. ı ığaç Suv. 621, 5: ığaç ‘drum-stick’ Suv. 375, 7; uzun sıruk ığaç başında ‘on the top of a long pole’ USp. 104, 12–13; o.o. TT VI 323; Pfahl. 8, 10: Civ. küzki ığaç yaŋkusı ‘the rustle of trees in autumn’ TT I 134; ığaç ‘wood’ as one of the five elements, and metaph. for the planet Jupiter TT VII 1, 32, and 79 (spelt yığaç); 10, 6; kara kaç ığaç kasıkın ‘the bark of a black kaç tree’ H I 26: Xak. xi yığaç al-xaşab ‘wood’; yığaç ḏakaru’l-racul ‘a man’s penis’; yığaç al-farsax mina’l-arḍ ‘a parasang of ground’; hence one says bi:r yığaç ye:r ‘one parasang of ground’; yığaç al-şacar ‘a tree’; hence one says üzüm yığaçı: şacaru’l-ʿinab ‘a vine’ and yağa:k yığa:çı: şacaru’l-cawz ‘a nut tree’; yığa:ç with -a:- is the better spelling (acwad) Kaş. III 8; yığa:ç alternative form (luğa) of yığaç III 28; and nearly 120 o.o.: KB (green covers) kurımış yığaçlar ‘the dry trees’ 70; yemişsiz yığaç ‘a tree without fruit’ 2455: xiii(?) At. yemişsiz yığaç 323, 324; Tef. ağaç/yağaç/yığaç (1) ‘tree’; (2) ‘beam’; (3) ‘parasang’ 37, 132, 133: xiv Muh.(?) naccār ‘carpenter’ ığa:ç (unvocalized) yoncı: Rif. 158 (only); al-ʿaṣā ‘a stick, staff’ ığa:ç 173; al-farsax ığa:ç 178: Çağ. xv ff. yığaç ‘if a man stands at a particular place and two men stand one on each side of him so that they can hear him when he shouts, they call three times this distance (üç martaba bu miqdārnı) yığaç’ (quotns.); and also bannā arşūn . . . karı maʿnāsına ‘a builder’s cubit’ (about 30 inches) (quotn.) Vel. 413 (the latter is an error, the verse describes 12,000 karı as 8 yığaç); yığaç (1) çūb ‘wood’; (2) farsāng ‘parasang’ San. 350v. 3 (quotns.): Xwar. xiii yığaç ‘tree’ ʿAli 49: xiii(?) ığaç (once spelt yığaç) ‘tree’ is common Oğ.: xiv ağaç/yığaç ‘tree, parasang’ Qutb 4, 90; Nahc. 24, 2; 186, 13: Kom. xiv ağaç ‘tree; wood, beam, column, (saddle)-tree’ CCI, CCG; Gr. 28 (quotns.): Kıp. xiii al-şacara wa’l-xaşab wa’l-ʿaṣā ağa:ç Hou. 7, 10: xiv ağaç al-ʿaṣā wa’l-şacar; one says alma: ağaçı: ‘apple tree’ Id. 17: xv al-ʿaṣā ağaş Kav. 31, 7; 39, 8: al-şacar ağaş: as in alma: ağa:şı:, and ağa:ş al-xaşab do. 59, 3; carīd ‘a defoliated palm-branch’ ağaş Tuh. 11b. 10; xaşab ditto 14b. 1; ʿaṣā ditto 25b. 3: Osm. xiv ff. ağaç ‘tree; stick, blow from a stick’ and twice (xiv and xvi) ‘parasang’; c.i.a.p. TTS I 5; II 7; III 4–5; IV 5.
aγač (< *aŋač): osm. usw. aγač ’Baum’, kar. usw. aγač, kzk. usw. aγaš, leb. aγyš, tar. jaγač, uig. mtü. jyγač, otü. jäγač, s-uig. jiγaš, kkir. ǯyγač, soj. iŋaš, (P.) yjaš, töl. aŋaš, tub. ńaš, krg. ńajš, ? jak. mas, čuv. jïvăś, jâvăś, jüś id.LTS 203
агаш лес, дерево (материал); // деревянный; агаш ярув колоть дрова; агаш кесуьвши дровосёк; агаш уьй деревянный дом; агаш куьрек деревянная лопата; ◊ агаш алма дикая яблоня и её плоды, дичка; агаш кандала зоол. короед.