𐰴𐱃-

kat-

Meaning:
to become firm, to harden, to thicken; solidify

Word family

In modern languages

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Turkish (Azerbaijan) The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Turkish (Türkiye) The cognate has disappeared from this language.
Salar xıt-
Gagauz No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Crimean qat-
Uyghur qat-
Uzbek qot-
Kazakh qat-
Nogai qat-
Siberian Tatar No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Kyrgyz kat-
Altai kat-
Alan qat-
Kumyk qat-
Tatar qat-
Bashkir qat-
Tıva qat-
Khakas xat-
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) xat-
Khalaj No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Chuvash xıt-

Examples

No corpus links yet.

Translations

German:
hart oder steif werden; erstarren, sich verfestigen
Russian:
твердеть, затвердевать, густеть; застывать
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
qatılaşmaq, bərkimək, sərtləşmək
Turkish (Türkiye):
katılaşmak, sertleşmek

  • Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen: Altuigurisch – Deutsch – Türkisch | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğü: Eski Uygurca – Almanca – Türkçe p. 343
    ¹kat- steif werden, hart werden, sich verfestigen, erstarren, verdorren, (Zunge) belegt sein || sertleşmek, donmak, katılaşmak, (dil) tutulmak (s./bk. Mo. qata-)
  • Международная Тюркская Академия (2016) Древнетюркский словарь p. 459
    QAT- I 1. становиться твердым, твердеть; jumšaq nẹŋ qattï нечто мягкое за твердело (МК II 295); qaju ajdï ötrüm ičürgü kẹräk / özi qatmïš ẹmdi bošutɣu kẹ räk некоторые говорят, что [правителю] надо дать выпить слабительное, / [потому что] его нутро затвердело [и] теперь нужно прослабить (QBK 442); 2. густеть (о жидкости): qïrtïšï sarɣarur qanï qatïp barïr кожа его желтеет, кровь его густеет (Uig I 3613); 3. неметь, сводить судоро гой: jaŋšaq ṭẹlim sajrap anï tamɣaq qatar если болтун много болтает, ему сводит горло (МК I 467); aɣïzï qurup tili tamɣaqï qaṭïp sav söẓläjü umatïn рот его пересох, язык его и горло онемели, и он не мог ничего говорить (Suv 62411).
  • Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages p. 785-786
    *k῾ét῾ò hard: Tung. *(x)etu-; Mong. *kata-; Turk. *Kạt; Jpn. *kátá-; Kor. *kùt-.

    PTung. *(x)etu- strong, hard (сильный, тугой): Man. etu-xun; SMan. etəxun (2501).
    ◊ ТМС 2, 470 (the Manchu word is to be separated from *xete- ‘to win, overcome’). Attested only in Manchu, but having reliable external parallels. Man. > Dag. etgun, etxun (Тод. Даг. 140).

    PMong. *kata- 1 hard 2 to become hard, dry up (1 твердый 2 черстветь, высыхать): MMong. qatau’u (HY 54), qataŋgin (SH), qata’u (MA) 1, qətəmər ‘dried (meat)’ (IM); WMong. qata- (L 943) 2, qataɣu 1; Kh. xat- 2, xatū 1; Bur. xatū 1; Kalm. xatū 1, xatə- 2 (КРС); Ord. Gatū 1; Mog. xata 1 (Weiers); Dag. katən (Тод. Даг. 148: katō, katū, 174: xata-); katen, katū (MD 182) 1; Dong. qɨdun, qɨtun 1; Bao. χotoŋ 1; S.-Yugh. Gadū 1; Mongr. xadoŋ (SM 147) 1, xadā- (SM 146) 2.
    ◊ TMN 1, 410, MGCD 336.

    PTurk. *Kạt hard (твердый): OTurk. qatɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.); Karakh. qatɨɣ (MK, KB, IM); Tur. kat (dial.); Az. Gatɨ; Turkm. Gat, Gatɨ; MTurk. qatɨɣ (MA); Uzb. qɔtiq; Uygh. qetiq; Tat. qatɨ; Bashk. qatɨ; Kirgh. qatū; Kaz. qattɨ; KKalp. qattɨ; Kum. qatɨ; Nogh. qat; Khak. xatɨɣ; Shr. qadɨɣ; Oyr. qatū; Tv. qa’dɨɣ; Chuv. xɨdъ; Yak. kɨtānax; Dolg. kɨtānak.
    ◊ EDT 597-598, VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 334-335, Stachowski 170. Yak. xat-, Dolg. kat- ‘to dry up’ (Stachowski 140) < Mong. qata- id. Khak. xatɨɣ also probably has -t- under Mong. influence.

    PJpn. *kátá- hard (твердый): OJpn. kata-; MJpn. kátá-; Tok. kàta-; Kyo. kátà-; Kag. káta-.
    ◊ JLTT 831.

    PKor. *kùt- hard (твердый): MKor. kùt-; Mod. kut-.
    ◊ Liu 88, KED 216.

    ‖ KW 172, Владимирцов 195, 318, SKE 132-133, Martin 233, TMN 1, 410, Lee 1958, 114, АПиПЯЯ 70. Mong. is hardly < Turk. (despite Щербак 1997, 137); Mong. > Man. qata- etc., see Doerfer MT 19, Rozycki 103.
  • Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish p. 595
    2 kat- ‘to be hard, firm, tough’, and the like. S.i.s.m.l. in all groups; l.-w. in Mong. as kata- (Kow. 773), see Doerfer I 283. Uyğ. viii Şu. E 6 (birle:): Xak. xi (after 1 kat-) and one says yumşa:k ne:ŋ kattı: ‘the soft thing became hard’ (ṣaluba) Kaş. II 295 (kata:r, katma:k); tutğun bolup ol kata:r translated fa'l-ān ištadda ba'd raxāwa bihi ‘and now he suffers hardship after leading a comfortable life’ I 205, 6; tamğak kata:r translated ‘his jaw stiffens (yaštadd) owing to the dryness of his mouth’ I 467, 9: KB 1059 (boşut-): xiv Muh.(?) qawiya ‘to be strong, tough’ kat- Rif. 114 (only): Çağ. xv ff. kat- (-ip, etc.) katı ve saxt ol- ‘to be hard, tough’ Vel. 315 (quotns.); kat- saxt şudan San. 265v. 25 (quotns.): Kip. xiv kat- ištadda Id. 68.
  • M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen p. 241
    kat uig. mtü. čag. usw. kat ‘fest werden, hart werden, gefrieren, trocknen’, (kaz.) ‘fest bleiben’, osm. (Mag.) kat ‘твердый’, jak. kyt, χat ‘hart werden’, blk. katy id.; atü. kat-y ‘hart’, AH. krč. blk. kat-y, kom. krč. kmk. kzk. katty, oir. tel. kattü, kady-γ, sag. koib. kč. kattyγ; kaz. tar. krm. katyr ‘hart machen’, jak. χat-ar ‘сушать’; kzk. kat-yr-ma ‘Kleister aus Mehl’; ? jak. kytyan ‘Wacholder’ < *katy-γan (vgl. UAW 27–8); jak. χatan, χαταν ‘твердый’
    ~ mo. (Poppe 95) qata ‘austrocknen’