*𐰘𐰇-
*yü:-
Meaning:
(reconstructed) to load, carry
*yǖ- is not independently attested. Clauson reconstructs it as the base of yǖk and yǖd-; the meaning is inferred from those derivatives.
Examples
Translations
German:
(rekonstruiert) laden, tragen
Russian:
(реконструкция) грузить, нести
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
(bərpa olunmuş feil) yükləmək, daşımaq
Turkish (Türkiye):
(yeniden kurulmuş fiil) yüklemek, taşımak
Bibliography 3
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Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1553p. 1553
*ǯugi to carry (on the back): Tung. *ǯugū-; Mong. *ǯöɣe-; Turk. *jü-; Kor. *čì-.
PTung. *ǯugū- to carry, transport (перевозить, перетаскивать): Evk. ǯuɣū-; Evn. ǯuɣu-; Neg. ǯuɣu-; Man. ǯuwe-; SMan. ǯō- (1239); Ork. dū-ri-; Orch. ǯu-si-; Ud. ǯū-.
◊ ТМС 1, 269.
PMong. *ǯöɣe- to carry, transport (переносить, перевозить): MMong. ǯu- (MA), ǯo’e- / ǯu’e- (SH), ǯoge’ul- (HYt); WMong. ǯögege-, ǯöge- (L 1074); Kh. ʒȫ-; Bur. zȫ-; Kalm. zȫ-; Ord. ǯȫ-; Dag. ǯugā-, ǯugū- (Тод. Даг. 144); Dong. ǯue-, čue-, ǯo-; Bao. ǯō-, ǯo-; S.-Yugh. ǯǖ-; Mongr. ʒō- (SM 89).
◊ KW 479, MGCD 456, 466. The Dag. form may be a secondary loan from TM.
PTurk. *jü- 1 load 2 to load, carry (1 груз, тяжесть 2 нагружать, везти): OTurk. jük 1, jü-d- 2 (OUygh.); Karakh. jük 1, jü-δ- 2 (MK); Tur. jük 1; Gag. ük 1; Az. jük 1; Turkm. jük 1; MTurk. jük 1 (Houts., AH); Uzb. juk 1; Uygh. jük 1; Krm. jük, juk, jik, ik 1; Tat. jök 1; Bashk. jök 1; Kirgh. ǯük 1; Kaz. žük 1; KBalk. ǯük, žük, zük 1; Kum. jük, juk 1; Nogh. jük 1; SUygh. jük 1; Khak. čük 1; Shr. čük 1; Oyr. jüj- 2, jük, d́ük 1; Tv. čü῾k 1, čüdür- 2; Chuv. śəʷk 1; Yak. sük- 2.
◊ EDT 885, 910, VEWT 212, ЭСТЯ 4, 262-263, Лексика 520.
PKor. *čì- to carry on the back (нести на спине): MKor. čì-; Mod. či-.
◊ Liu 682, KED 1527.
‖ EAS 65, KW 479, Владимирцов 197, SKE 31, Poppe 28, 111, Дыбо 13. The comparison seems quite valid, despite doubts in TMN 4, 225. Despite Poppe 1966, 191, Doerfer MT 24, Rozycki 128, TM is hardly < Mong. Loss of *-g- in Turkic is probably explained by the fact that the root is only used with suffixes (*jüg(V)k > *jük, *jüg(V)d > *jüd-). -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 910b–911app. 885b–886ap. 870bpp. 910b–911a
D 1 yük (yü:k) Dev. N. fr. *yü:-, cf. yü:d-; ‘a load, burden’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Uyğ. viii ff. Chr. U I 6, 11-12 (2 açığ): Bud. Sanskrit bhārasya ‘of the load’ yük[gap] TT VIII G.22; a.o. do. A.34; ağır yükler ‘heavy loads’ Kuan. 47; bir yük nom ‘one load of scriptures’ (fell in the water) Hüen-ts. 2022; o.o. TT V 22, 43 etc. (yü:d-): Xak. xi yük al-haml ‘a load’; hence one says bi:r yük buğda:y ‘one load of wheat’; also wiqr ‘a donkey-load’, etc. Kaş. III 4; nearly 30 o.o., including four of yü:k: KB yenik boldı yük ‘the burden became light’ 195; o.o. 59 (yü:d-), 687, 4528 (tegeş): xiii(?) At. (wealth is a source of anxiety and care today, and tomorrow) yük wabāl ‘a burden and a curse’ 426; Tef. yük ‘load, burden’ 166: xiv Muh. al-himl yü:k Mel. 40, 4; Rif. 129; al-rahl ‘luggage’ yü:k 68, 11; 168: Çağ. xv ff. yük (‘with -ü-’) bār ‘burden, load’ San. 345r. 1: Xwar. xiv ditto Qutb 88: Kom. xiv ‘load, baggage’ yük CCI; Gr.: Kip. (xiii after ‘hill’ Tkm. öyük wa huwa’l-wiqr wa’l-himl Hou. 6, 16; prob. a lapse of memory): xiv yük al-himl; wa huwa kināya ʿani’l-ḍamān ‘and it is an idiomatic expression for “bail, surety” ’ İd. 96; al-himl yük Bul. 7, 7: xv ditto Kav. 77, 9; Tuh. 13a. 1. pp. 885b–886aD yü:d- der f. in -d- (here Trans.; cf. to:d-) fr. *yü:-, cf. yük; ‘to carry (something Acc.)’. Survives only(?) in NE Tel. yüy- quoted under 4 yüt- R III 611. Uyğ. viii ff. Bud. (faith is the support) yük yüdmekniŋ ‘in carrying the burden’ (of attaining goodness) TT V 22, 43; yüküg yüderler ‘they carry the burden’ do. 24, 49; yükin yüde U II 76, 3: Xak. xi ol yük yü:dti: hamala’l-himl ‘he carried the burden’ Kaş. III 434 (yü:de:r, yü:dme:k); o.o. I 404 (keten), 448 (kük): KB yüdti . . . yüki 59, 1874-6; (he is the best of men and) bodun yüdgüsi ‘the one who carries the common people’ 543; o.o. 1720, 2680 (ava:ğ), 5115, 5558: xiii(?) At. (do not take more of this world’s good than is necessary or) wabal yüdgülük ‘you will have to carry (a load of) sin’ 190; (suffering is transitory; the patient man survives) tawabin yüdüp ‘carrying his (load of) uprightness’ 352; Tef. yüd- ditto 165. p. 870b*yü:- See yü:d-, yük. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 212a–bp. 212a–b
uig. jü: jü-tür-ük ’beladen’; atü. uig. mtü. usw. jük ’Last, Pferdelast’, ’Bürde’, krč. kzk. žük, id., kaz. žök, blk. zük, hak. čü-k ’ноша’ (>russ. вьюк); kom. čag. osm. jük-lä ’beladen’, čuv. sək-le, šök-le; mtü. jü-lä ’stützen’; uig. jü-d ’aufladen’, otü. (Kat. 2) jü-t ’hochheben’
SKE 31; Poppe 28; Vasm. 1: 243—4
Vgl. jöksä-k, jüksäk ’hoch’ 207b
