𐰘𐰇𐰚
yü:k
Meaning:
a load, burden
Alternative spellings:
𐰘𐰜
𐰘𐰇𐰝
Examples
Translations
German:
Last, Bürde
Kazakh:
jük
Kyrgyz:
jük
Russian:
нагрузка, бремя
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
yük
Turkish (Türkiye):
yük
Turkmen:
ýük
Uzbek:
yuk
Bibliography 4
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Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 924ap. 924a
1yük Last, Bürde (auch Äquivalent von Skt. bhāra) || yük (Skt. bhāra’nın da eş değeri); Ladung || paket
yük yüdmiš at Pferd, auf das man Lasten geladen hat || yük yüklenmiş at -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1553p. 1553
*ǯugi to carry (on the back): Tung. *ǯugū-; Mong. *ǯöɣe-; Turk. *jü-; Kor. *čì-.
PTung. *ǯugū- to carry, transport (перевозить, перетаскивать): Evk. ǯuɣū-; Evn. ǯuɣu-; Neg. ǯuɣu-; Man. ǯuwe-; SMan. ǯō- (1239); Ork. dū-ri-; Orch. ǯu-si-; Ud. ǯū-.
◊ ТМС 1, 269.
PMong. *ǯöɣe- to carry, transport (переносить, перевозить): MMong. ǯu- (MA), ǯo’e- / ǯu’e- (SH), ǯoge’ul- (HYt); WMong. ǯögege-, ǯöge- (L 1074); Kh. ʒȫ-; Bur. zȫ-; Kalm. zȫ-; Ord. ǯȫ-; Dag. ǯugā-, ǯugū- (Тод. Даг. 144); Dong. ǯue-, čue-, ǯo-; Bao. ǯō-, ǯo-; S.-Yugh. ǯǖ-; Mongr. ʒō- (SM 89).
◊ KW 479, MGCD 456, 466. The Dag. form may be a secondary loan from TM.
PTurk. *jü- 1 load 2 to load, carry (1 груз, тяжесть 2 нагружать, везти): OTurk. jük 1, jü-d- 2 (OUygh.); Karakh. jük 1, jü-δ- 2 (MK); Tur. jük 1; Gag. ük 1; Az. jük 1; Turkm. jük 1; MTurk. jük 1 (Houts., AH); Uzb. juk 1; Uygh. jük 1; Krm. jük, juk, jik, ik 1; Tat. jök 1; Bashk. jök 1; Kirgh. ǯük 1; Kaz. žük 1; KBalk. ǯük, žük, zük 1; Kum. jük, juk 1; Nogh. jük 1; SUygh. jük 1; Khak. čük 1; Shr. čük 1; Oyr. jüj- 2, jük, d́ük 1; Tv. čü῾k 1, čüdür- 2; Chuv. śəʷk 1; Yak. sük- 2.
◊ EDT 885, 910, VEWT 212, ЭСТЯ 4, 262-263, Лексика 520.
PKor. *čì- to carry on the back (нести на спине): MKor. čì-; Mod. či-.
◊ Liu 682, KED 1527.
‖ EAS 65, KW 479, Владимирцов 197, SKE 31, Poppe 28, 111, Дыбо 13. The comparison seems quite valid, despite doubts in TMN 4, 225. Despite Poppe 1966, 191, Doerfer MT 24, Rozycki 128, TM is hardly < Mong. Loss of *-g- in Turkic is probably explained by the fact that the root is only used with suffixes (*jüg(V)k > *jük, *jüg(V)d > *jüd-). -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishpp. 910b–911app. 910b–911a
D 1 yük (yü:k) Dev. N. fr. *yü:-, cf. yü:d-; ‘a load, burden’. S.i.a.m.l.g. w. the usual phonetic changes. Uyğ. viii ff. Chr. U I 6, 11-12 (2 açığ): Bud. Sanskrit bhārasya ‘of the load’ yük[gap] TT VIII G.22; a.o. do. A.34; ağır yükler ‘heavy loads’ Kuan. 47; bir yük nom ‘one load of scriptures’ (fell in the water) Hüen-ts. 2022; o.o. TT V 22, 43 etc. (yü:d-): Xak. xi yük al-haml ‘a load’; hence one says bi:r yük buğda:y ‘one load of wheat’; also wiqr ‘a donkey-load’, etc. Kaş. III 4; nearly 30 o.o., including four of yü:k: KB yenik boldı yük ‘the burden became light’ 195; o.o. 59 (yü:d-), 687, 4528 (tegeş): xiii(?) At. (wealth is a source of anxiety and care today, and tomorrow) yük wabāl ‘a burden and a curse’ 426; Tef. yük ‘load, burden’ 166: xiv Muh. al-himl yü:k Mel. 40, 4; Rif. 129; al-rahl ‘luggage’ yü:k 68, 11; 168: Çağ. xv ff. yük (‘with -ü-’) bār ‘burden, load’ San. 345r. 1: Xwar. xiv ditto Qutb 88: Kom. xiv ‘load, baggage’ yük CCI; Gr.: Kip. (xiii after ‘hill’ Tkm. öyük wa huwa’l-wiqr wa’l-himl Hou. 6, 16; prob. a lapse of memory): xiv yük al-himl; wa huwa kināya ʿani’l-ḍamān ‘and it is an idiomatic expression for “bail, surety” ’ İd. 96; al-himl yük Bul. 7, 7: xv ditto Kav. 77, 9; Tuh. 13a. 1. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 212a–bp. 212a–b
uig. jü: jü-tür-ük ’beladen’; atü. uig. mtü. usw. jük ’Last, Pferdelast’, ’Bürde’, krč. kzk. žük, id., kaz. žök, blk. zük, hak. čü-k ’ноша’ (>russ. вьюк); kom. čag. osm. jük-lä ’beladen’, čuv. sək-le, šök-le; mtü. jü-lä ’stützen’; uig. jü-d ’aufladen’, otü. (Kat. 2) jü-t ’hochheben’
SKE 31; Poppe 28; Vasm. 1: 243—4
Vgl. jöksä-k, jüksäk ’hoch’ 207b
