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Corpus of Old Turkic

𐰼𐰓𐰃

ärdi

Meaning:
was (directly asserted)
The ordinary past form of “to be.” It presents the state or situation as a fact, without marking it as reported, inferred, or newly discovered.
Alternative spellings:
𐰼𐱅𐰃

Word family

Formed from 𐰼 [är-] “to be” using -d- (constative preterite). The form -d- belongs to the constative preterite (verbal noun), the ordinary narrative past used primarily for events preceding the moment of speaking or writing. The full paradigm is morphologically formed with -d- followed by possessive-type personal endings (-dı2, -dıŋ2, -dımız2, etc.); -dı/-di is specifically the third-person singular form.

In modern languages (16 / 22)

Select a region to see the cognate.
Language Cognate
Turkmen No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Turkish (Azerbaijan) idi, -(y)di⁴, -di⁴
Turkish (Türkiye) idi, -(y)di⁴, -di⁴
Salar No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Gagauz -di⁴
Crimean edi
Uyghur idi
Uzbek edi
Kazakh edi
Nogai edi
Siberian Tatar No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Kyrgyz ele
Altai edi
Alan edi
Kumyk edi
Tatar ide
Bashkir ine
Tıva No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Khakas No cognate has been entered for this language yet.
Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) ete
Khalaj -ərti
Chuvash No cognate has been entered for this language yet.

Examples

Bilgä Kagan inscriptions

12

Tonyuquq inscriptions

20

Kültegin inscriptions

11

Yenisei finds (E1-E154)

1

El-Etmish Yabgu inscription

3

Boyla Kutlug Yargan inscriptions

2

Biography of Xuánzàng

114

Altun Yaruk

9

Maitrisimit - A Buddhist Apocalypse

55

Translations

German:
war (als Tatsache dargestellt)
Russian:
был (как установленный факт)
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
idi
Turkish (Türkiye):
idi