𐰇𐰤-
ǖn-
Meaning:
to come out, emerge; to rise, sprout, grow
ün- is an intransitive verb with a broad semantic range centered on ‘to come out, emerge or rise’. It is used of people leaving or getting up, plants sprouting and growing, the sun, clouds, flames and scents rising, and more abstractly of something appearing or arising; in medical contexts it can describe a swelling or boil coming to a head. Historical Turkic forms vary between ün- and ön-, while yün- is attested as a secondary Old Turkic variant.
Examples
Translations
German:
hervorkommen, erscheinen; sich erheben, sprießen, wachsen
Russian:
выходить, появляться; подниматься, прорастать, расти
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
çıxmaq, üzə çıxmaq; yüksəlmək, cücərmək, böyümək
Turkish (Türkiye):
çıkmak, ortaya çıkmak; yükselmek, filizlenmek, büyümek
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicp. 380ap. 380a
ün= ‘to grow, spring up’ (QT2–5, MAv, KA, QA-not in QAa, MM, XŠ, AH) / ön= (CCb); Ündi yaš ot ‘Fresh grass sprouted’ (AH); arïġ tïn kim ata ovuldan önädurur ‘the Holy Spirit that springs from the Father and the Son’ (CCb) | ündür= ‘to make grow, spring up’ (QT1–6, MAv, KA, XŠ); Saqal ündürdi oġlan ‘The boy developed a beard’ (KA) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 924bp.825a–bp. 924b
yün- → 1ün- p.825a–b1ün- sich erheben, emporkommen, hervorkommen, erscheinen, in Erscheinung treten, auftauchen || yükselmek, yukarı çıkmak, öne çıkmak, görünmek, belirmek, ortaya çıkmak; herauskommen, freikommen || çıkmak, serbest bırakılmak; aufbrechen, fortgehen || hareket etmek, gitmek, ayrılmak; sich entfernen || uzaklaşmak; blühen, sprießen, wachsen || çiçek açmak, çiçeklenmek, filiz sürmek, büyümek, yetişmek; (Duft) emporsteigen || (güzel koku) yükselmek; (Geschwür) aufgehen, aufplatzen || (ülser) açılmak, patlamak; (Musik) erklingen || (müzik) duyulmak, çınlamak; (Flammen) herausschlagen || (alevler) dışarı vurmak; Hilfsverb (mit einem vorangehenden Konverb auf –(X)p): inchoative Aktionsart, translokativisch (= andativ) || yardımcı fiil (önceki –(X)p zarf-fiille): başlama belirten bir fiil (bir durumun başlangıcına atıfta bulunan bir fiil), referans noktasından uzağa (→ yün-)
ün- b(ä)lgülä- erscheinen2, auftauchen2 || görünmek2, ortaya çıkmak2
ün- bälgür- erscheinen2, auftauchen2 || görünmek2, ortaya çıkmak2
ün- ket- sich entfernen2 || uzaklaşmak2
ün- öŋi üdrül- sich entfernen2 || ayrılmak2
ün- tul- (Flammen) herausschlagen2 || (alevler) dışarı vurmak2
ün- yaŋkurt- (Musik) erklingen2 || (müzik) duyulmak2, (müzik) çınlamak2
ünä käl- hervortreten, hervorbrechen, hochkommen || meydana çıkmak, birdenbire çıkmak, gelişmek
ünmiš kirmiš oron die Stelle, (wo Faden und Nadel) hinaus- oder hineingegangen sind || (iğne ve ipliğin) dışarı çıktığı ve içeri girdiği yer
ünmiš kirmiš tın sınamak sakınč Aufmerksamkeit2 auf die Aus- und Einatmung (Skt. ānapānasmṛti) || nefes alma ve verme dikkati2 (Skt. ānapānasmṛti)
ünüp bar- aufbrechen, (von einem Ort) aufbrechen, heraustreten, verlassen || hareket etmek, çıkmak, terk etmek, ayrılmak; hinaufsteigen || yukarı çıkmak, tırmanmak
ünüp käl- hervorkommen, herauskommen, sich erheben || ortaya çıkmak, yükselmek -
Marcel Erdal (2004) A Grammar of Old Turkicp. 81p. 81
Sporadic /y/ does, however, appear also before other high vowels: We have yün- ‘to come up’ in BlattRun 16 and 22 where most sources have ün-; ürt- ‘to cover’ has a variant yürt- in yürtgün (Mait 167 v 31) and yürt-ül- (Maue 1996, Mz 652 = T II S 19 b v4 in Brāhmī). -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1053p. 1053
*ṓni high: Mong. *öndü-; Turk. *ȫn-; Jpn. *untu; Kor. *un-tu.
PMong. *öndü- 1 high 2 to rise (1 высокий 2 подниматься): MMong. undur (HY 52, SH) undus ‘to stay vertically’ (HY 53), undur (MA); WMong. öndür 1 (L 637), öndeji- 2 (L 636: öndüji-, öndeji-); Kh. öndör 1, öndij- 2; Bur. ünder 1, ündi- 2; Kalm. öndr̥ 1, öndē- 2; Ord. ündǖr 1, öndi-; Dag. xundur 1 (Тод. Даг. 179), undi- 2 (Тод. Даг. 171), hundre 1 (MD 166); Dong. undu 1; Bao. onder, under 1; S.-Yugh. ḥundur, oŋdur 1, oŋdo- 2; Mongr. ndur, undur (SM 264, 472) 1.
◊ KW 296, MGCD 545, TMN 1, 178-179. Initial x- in Dagur is quite enigmatic. Cf. also önör ‘numerous, populous’ (Poppe 69; L 639: önür). Also ondui-, onduyar (KW 286, L 613); öŋgei-, öŋgüi- ‘to overhang, jut or project over’ (L 637) ( > Man. enggele- id., see Rozycki 70?). Mong. > Man. enduri ‘God’ etc., see Doerfer MT 81.
PTurk. *ȫn- to grow, rise (расти, подниматься): OTurk. ön- (ün-) (OUygh.); Karakh. ön- (ün-) (MK); Turkm. ȫn-; Khal. hin-; MTurk. ön- (Pav. C.); Uzb. un-; Uygh. ün-; Kirgh. ön-; Kaz. ön-; KKalp. ön-; SUygh. ün-; Tv. ün-; Chuv. əₙn-; Yak. ǖn-; Dolg. ǖn-.
◊ EDT 169, VEWT 372, ЭСТЯ 1, 530-532, Мудрак Дисс. 77, 137, Егоров 40-41, Clark 1977, 161, Stachowski 255.
PJpn. *untu high and respected, precious (высокий, уважаемый, драгоценный): OJpn. udu.
◊ JLTT 566.
PKor. *un-tu height (of the side of shoes or boots) (высота): Mod. undu.
◊ KED 1244.
‖ Владимирцов 164; Ozawa 57-59; АПиПЯЯ 18, 290. Comparison with Tung. (see АПиПЯЯ) should be abandoned. Ramstedt (SKE 55) compares Kor. ənč- (MKor. jə̀nč-) ‘to put on the top, place above’ (?), considering Kor. undu to be a mongolism. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp.169a–bp.169a–b
VU ün- ‘to rise’, while still maintaining contact with the point of departure, e.g. (of a plant) ‘to sprout’, (of a man) ‘to stand up’, as opposed to 1 ağ- ‘to ascend, climb’, from one point to another. There is great inconsistency about the vowel, the form is ön- in Kom. and NC Kir., Kzx., but ün- in NE Tuv. R I 1820, Pal. 432. SE Türki Shaw 28; BŞ 797; Jarring 327, and SC Uzb. as well as TT VIII, so ün- is prob. the original pronunciation; see 1 ö:r-. Türkü viii ff. yaş ot ündi ‘the fresh grass sprang up’ IrkB 53; a.o. 60 (bediz); xanlık süsi: avka: ünmi:ş ‘the Xan’s army set out for a hunt’ 63; a.o. 49 (1 ımğa:)—in the following passages yün- seems to be a Sec. f. of ün-; (if one takes a white stone and) kızı:lsı:ğ suv yünser ‘a reddish water (i.e. tint) rises in it’ Toyok 16 (ETY II 58); a.o. do. 22; Man. M III 22, 12 (ii) (ezük): Uyğ. viii ff. Man.-A M I 7, 2-3 (ığaç): Man. kısığ oruntakılar barça üntiler ‘those who were in confined spaces all rose up’ TT III 103-4; evtin barktın üntiler ‘they left their homes’ do. 138: Chr. neçükin Ürışlımtın ünüp bardılar erser ‘however they went when they rose and left Jerusalem’ U I 6, 5: Bud. Sanskrit abhramukta ‘released from the clouds’ (moon) bu:lı:ttın ünmiş TT VIII B.14; medhyajalajātaṃ ‘born in unclean water’ arığsızlığ su:vta: ünmişig do. D.36; a:tı ünme:yökige ‘as their name has not arisen’ (i.e. been mentioned) do. H.5; kim etad uktam bhavati ‘why has this been said?’ translated bo sa:vda: ne: yörüg üne: ‘what explanation arises in this statement?’ do. H.6; ört yalın üner ‘a flame rises’ U II 25, 27; o.o. do. 27, 22; Suv. 375, 9 (ün); 490, 18; TT V 8, 70; PP 4, 5, etc. (all transcribed ön-): Civ. kün üne:r ‘the sun rises’ TT VIII P.39; yürüŋ bulıt ünüp ‘a white cloud rose and . . .’ TT I 4-5; o.o. do. 45, 46; in medical language ün- means (of a boil, etc.) ‘to come to a head’ e.g. kart terk üner ‘the swelling quickly comes to a head’ H II 6, 6 ünüp edgü bolur ‘it comes to a head and gets better’ do. 7, 2; a.o. H I 146 (boş); in Fam. Arch. evdin ün-, of a sum of money, means ‘to come from the family’s own resources’, and not from a loan: O. Kır. ix ff. yetmiş yaşıma: üntim ‘I have reached my 70th year’ Mal. 42, 3: Xak. xi ot ündi: nabata’l-nabt ‘the plant sprang up’; and in Uyğ. (one of the very rare refces. to this language in Kaş.) one says ol evke: ündi: ḏahaba ilā baytihi ‘he went home’ Kaş. I 169 (üne:r, ünme:k); and seven o.o. of plants, trees, etc.: KB ün- ‘to spring up’ of plants, etc. is common, 120, 972, 975 (2 ap), 2688, 4522, etc.; of a beard 3622 (umun-): xiii(?) Tef. ün- (of plants, etc.), ‘to sprout, come up’ 337: Çağ. xv ff. ün- (-di, etc.) iki kat ol- ‘to become twice the size’ Vel. 120 (quotn.); ün- rūyīdan ‘to grow, increase’ San. 86v. 26 (quotns.): Xwar. xiv ün- (of plants, etc.) ‘to sprout, come up’ Qutb 123 (ön-), 203 (ün-): Kom. xiv ‘to come out of, proceed from (something Abl.)’ ön- CCG; Gr. 183 (phr.): Kıp. xiv ön- (with front vowels) mutica ‘to grow’ İd. 23: (Osm. xviii (after Çağ. ün-) the Rūmi Turks say öŋ- San. 86v. 26 (no doubt misunderstanding of 2 oŋ- (on-), the word is otherwise unknown in Osm.)). -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 372ap. 372a
KB. mtü. čag. kzk. ön ’wachsen’, (kzk.) ’auswachsen’, (čag. kzk.) ’gedeihen’, uig. (Gab.) ün ’sich erheben, herauskommen’; soj. ün ’in die Höhe steigen’, jak. ǖn ’расти, всходить’; trkm. ȫn-ip čyk ’произойти’; trkm. ȫn-im ’продукт’
< mo. *ön: (KWb. 296) ön-de-ji ’sich heben’ (> tel. öŋdöj, jak. öŋdöj, öndür), (Poppe 69) ön-ör < *ön-er ’kinderreich’
