𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰤𐰝
tügünük
Meaning:
smoke hole, venthole, opening
Clauson tentatively derives tügünük from tügün “knot”. Wilkens instead treats it as a reading variant of tüŋlük “window, smoke opening”. The etymology and its placement in the knot family remain uncertain.
Word family
Formed from 𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰇𐰤 [tügün] “knot; bond, fetter” using -ık⁴.
The suffix -ık4 forms lexicalized nominals from nominal bases, often with a diminutive meaning or denoting a smaller or closely related entity (for example, ögük “darling, little one”).
-
𐱅𐰇𐰏-
tüg-
-
𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰀
tügmä
-ma²
-
𐱅𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰀
tügmä
In modern languages (16 / 22)
Select a region to see the cognate.
| Language | Cognate |
|---|---|
| Turkmen | tǖnük |
| Turkish (Azerbaijan) | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Turkish (Türkiye) | düğnük, tüynük, tünlük* (dialectal) |
| Salar | tümlüx* (dialectal) |
| Gagauz | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Crimean | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Uyghur | tünlük, tünük This cognate is attested, but has fallen out of use in this language. |
| Uzbek | tuynuk |
| Kazakh | tündik* |
| Nogai | tünlik* |
| Siberian Tatar | tönlök, tönnök, töŋnök, tünnük, tüŋnük (dialectal) |
| Kyrgyz | tündük |
| Altai | tünük, tündük |
| Alan | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Kumyk | tüŋülük* |
| Tatar | tönlek |
| Bashkir | tönlök |
| Tıva | dündük |
| Khakas | tünük |
| Sakha (Yakut, Dolgan) | tünnük* |
| Khalaj | The cognate has disappeared from this language. |
| Chuvash | tĕnĕ* |
* Meaning shifted
Examples
Translations
German:
Rauchöffnung, Rauchloch, Öffnung, Fensterbogen
Russian:
дымовое отверстие
Turkish (Azerbaijan):
tüstü dəliyi
Turkish (Türkiye):
baca, ağız, duman deliği
Bibliography 6
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Hendrik Boeschoten (2022) A dictionary of early middle Turkicpp. 359b–360app. 359b–360a
tüg= 1. ‘to knot’ (QT3–4, KA, QA, NF) / düg= (AH) / tüv= (CCb); Tügdi yipni ‘He knotted the cord’ (KA); tügün tüg= ‘to tie a knot’ (QA); yüzin tüg= ‘to scowl’ (QT3); ant tüg= ‘to bind oneself by an oath’ (QT3); Söz tügüštilär ‘They made an agreement’ (QAb). tüg= 2. ‘to fold’ (KT ar. طَوى) | tügäčkä ‘small knot’ (NF) | tügmä 1. ‘button’ (IM, MAv, KA, QA, GUL, KT, DM, KD, MuG) / dügmä (AH) / tüvmä (CC, AH) / tüymä (TZ) | tügmälä= ‘to button up’ (MuG, BM) / tüvmälä= (AH, BM) / tüymälä= (TZ). tügmä 2. ‘clever, cunning’ (KT ar. عَيّار) / tökmä (CCa inginioxus) | tügüm ‘knot’ (KA, QA) | tügün 1. ‘knot’ (QT2–6, MAv, KA, QA, XŠ) / dügün (AH) / tüyün (TZ). tügün 2. ‘barren’ (woman) (QT1, IMa-misvoc. ar. عاقِر) / tüvün (AH, CCb). tügün 3. ‘marriage, wedding party’ (QT3) / dügün (AH); ẖatunluq tügüni ‘marriage tie’ (QT3 ar. عُقْدَةُ النِكاح) | tügnük ‘dome of a tent’ / dügnük (AH) [CL, 485a tügünük ‘smoke hole of a tent’—“dimin. of tügün”]; ötüšsüz tügnük ‘niche for a lamp’ (“hole that does not pass through”) (QT3 ar. مِشْكاة) -
Dr. Jens Wilkens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen | Eski Uygurcanın El Sözlüğüp. 769p. 773p. 769
tügünük (r) → tüŋlük p. 773tüŋlük Fenster, Rauchloch, Öffnung, Fensterbogen || pencere, baca, ağız, pencere kenarı kıvrımı
tüŋlük üti Rauchloch, Rauchfang || baca
tüŋlük yiki Fensterritze || pencere aralığı -
Sergei Starostin, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak (2003) Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languagesp. 1476p. 1476
*t῾ŭ́ŋe window in roof, funnel, door: Tung. *tuŋke; Mong. *toɣuna; Turk. *tüŋ-; Jpn. *túa.
PTung. *tuŋke 1 cover of kettle 2 roof (1 крышка чайника 2 крыша): Man. tuxe 1; SMan. tuxē ‘pan lid, kettle lid’ (586); tuɣe 2; Nan. tuŋke 1.
◊ ТМС 2, 216.
PMong. *toɣuna funnel, window in roof, cross-beam (дымоход, окно в крыше, поперечная балка): WMong. toɣuna, toɣunu (L 817); Kh. tōno; Bur. tōno; Kalm. tōnə (КРС); tōnḷǯṇ ‘cross-shaped’ (KW); Ord. tōno(n); Dag. cf. tuāngal ‘buttonhole’.
◊ KW 405. Mong. > Man. dono ~ tono ‘funnel, window in roof’ (ТМС 1, 215), Kirgh. toɣun id. (see TMN 1, 376, Владимирцов 276). WMong. also has a word toɣuna ‘horn button on the end of an arrow; a k. of arrow’ - which, despite TMN 1, 375, should be rather kept apart.
PTurk. *tüŋ- funnel, window (дымовое отверстие, окно): OTurk. tügnük (OUygh. - YB), tünlük (late OUygh. - Lig. VSOu); Karakh. tüŋlük (MK), t/dünlük (IM); Tur. tüjnük; Turkm. tüjnük; Sal. tümlüx; MTurk. tüjnik (Pav. C.); Uzb. tujnuk; Uygh. tüŋlük; Tat. tönläk; Bashk. tönlök; Kirgh. tündük; Kaz. tüŋdik; KKalp. tüŋlik; Kum. tüŋülük; Nogh. tünlik; SUygh. tɨndɨk; Khak. tünük; Shr. tündük; Oyr. tünük; Tv. dündük; Tof. düŋnük; Chuv. təʷnəʷ; Yak. tünnük; Dolg. tünnük.
◊ VEWT 505, TMN 2, 643-645, EDT 520, Лексика 506-507, 516, Stachowski 234.
PJpn. *túa door (дверь): OJpn. two; MJpn. tó; Tok. tò; Kyo. tṓ; Kag. tó.
◊ JLTT 547.
‖ Jpn. reflects a suffixed *t῾ŭ́ŋ(e)-gV. -
Gerard Clauson (1972) An etimological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkishp. 485ap. 485a
D tüğü:nük (d-) ‘the smoke hole in the top of a tent’; apparently Dim. f. of tüğün. Syn. w. tüŋlük, q.v.; both words seem to survive, but only NE Alt., Leb., Tel. tü:nük; NC Kzx. tünük R III 1553 seem to go back to this word. Türkü VIII ff. (in a para. relating to various parts of a tent) tüğü:nüki: ne: teğ ‘what is its smoke-hole like?’ IrkB 18: Kıp. XIV düğnük (so vocalized) qubbatu’l-xargāh ‘the dome of a tent’ İd. 49. -
M Räsänen, I Kecskeméti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachenp. 505ap. 505a
tün-lük (< ? *tüŋlük): mtü. tünlük ’Decke des Rauchloches’, čag. usw. tüŋlük, tar. tünnik ’Rauchloch’, bar. tünnük, oir. usw. tünnuk id., hak. tünnük, kzk. šor. tün-dük, koib. tümdük, kaz. tön-lök, tönnök (> čer. ČLČ 72 tülək, tünək), trkm. tüj-nük, tüjŋək, jak. tünnük ’окно, окошко’ = ? atü. (JRAS 1912: 199) tügünük ’vent of smoke’ (Róna-Tas, AOH 12: 94)
Vgl. tül-ün 507b -
Zsuzsa Kakuk (1962) Un vocabulaire salarp. 193p. 193
tümlüχ «cheminée»
